马派相声在西安的发展研究

发布时间：2018-08-21 07:25

【摘要】：相声是扎根于民间、源于生活、又深受群众欢迎的曲艺表演艺术形式。2006年,相声被列为北京市首批市级非物质文化遗产。马三立(1914-2003)是我国相声表演大师,曾任中国曲艺家协会顾问,天津市曲艺家协会名誉主席。在长期的艺术实践中潜心探索,创立了独具特色的“马派相声”。1937年,抗日战争爆发,马派弟子、天津相声演员张玉堂等一批京津一带曲艺艺人陆续内迁来到西安,从街头卖艺开始在西安传播“马派相声”。相声本分两派：京派“帅”、津派“怪”,到西安后结合西北民风民俗,逐渐形成了西北派的“迈”(豪迈)。到解放前期,西安东五路、民乐园一带集中着几十家曲艺茶园。经过建国后的改革和发展,西安相声逐步得到的全国业界和观众的认可。几十年间,马派相声弟子已经在西安生根发芽,目前已成立了数十家相声专业、业务团体,在艺术风格、创作改编、表演方式上逐步形成了自己的特色。本文按照西安相声的发展轨迹和阶段性特点,把“马派相声”在西安的传播和发展分为三个时期,即：抗日战争内迁到文革前期、文革后期到电视相声的兴起、相声低谷后重回剧场,在梳理相声本土化规律的同时,研究当下时代,如何在传承和发展中保护相声,不断增强其生命力,让其更好的为社会和群众服务。最后,文章从坚持艺术创新、保持自身特点、结合地域文化、建立产业链条四个方面,对其今后发展和保护提出意见和建议。
[Abstract]:Crosstalk is a folk art form rooted in folk life and popular among the masses. In 2006 crosstalk was listed as the first intangible cultural heritage in Beijing. Ma Sanli (1914-2003) is a Chinese crosstalk performance master, a consultant to the Chinese Quyi artists Association and honorary president of Tianjin Quyi artists Association. In a long period of artistic practice, he devoted himself to exploring and creating the unique "Ma School crosstalk". In 1937, when the War of Resistance against Japan broke out, a group of Beijing-Tianjin qu artists such as Ma School disciples, Tianjin crosstalk actor Zhang Yutang, and so on, moved inland to Xi'an one after another. From the street art began to spread in Xi'an, "Ma School crosstalk." Crosstalk is divided into two schools: Beijing School "Shuai", Tianjin School "strange", after Xi'an combined with northwest folk customs, gradually formed the Northwest faction "Mai" (heroic). To the early liberation, Xi'an East Fifth Road, folk music park around the concentration of dozens of quyi tea garden. After the founding of the country's reform and development, Xi'an crosstalk gradually won the recognition of the industry and audience. For several decades, the mai cross talk disciples have taken root and sprouted in Xi'an. At present, dozens of crosstalk majors and business groups have gradually formed their own characteristics in artistic style, creative adaptation, and performance style. According to the development track and stage characteristics of Xi'an crosstalk, this paper divides the spread and development of "Ma School crosstalk" in Xi'an into three periods: the internal migration of the War of Resistance against Japan to the early period of the Cultural Revolution, the rise of the late period of the Cultural Revolution to the rise of television crosstalk. Cross talk back to the theater after the trough, while combing the rules of the localization of crosstalk at the same time, the study of the present era, in the inheritance and development of how to protect crosstalk, constantly enhance its vitality, so that it better serve the society and the masses. Finally, the article puts forward suggestions and suggestions on its future development and protection from four aspects: persisting in artistic innovation, maintaining its own characteristics, combining with regional culture, and establishing industrial chain.
【学位授予单位】：西藏民族学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：J826

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