科尔沁右翼中旗乌力格尔的保护与传承研究

发布时间：2019-04-21 21:46

【摘要】：内蒙古兴安盟科尔沁右翼中旗是蒙古族重要的聚居区,这一地区的蒙古族在特定的历史发展和地域环境背景下孕育了丰富的民族文化艺术,这是我国少数民族文化资源中相当宝贵和丰富的一笔财富。本文以蒙古族说唱艺术胡仁乌力格尔为研究对象,采用田野调查法、口述史方法和问卷调查法,从民族文化艺术生存、发展、保护与传承的角度入手,对科尔沁右翼中旗乌力格尔进行研究,多方面深入挖掘其艺术价值,努力寻找挽救这一民族艺术瑰宝的途径和方法。文章主要从以下几个方面展开论述：首先,文章介绍了科右中旗的自然地理和人文历史,梳理了当地的乌力格尔说唱传统。乌力格尔艺术在科右中旗有着悠久的历史传统和深厚的群众基础,它源于历史久远的一种艺术形式“陶力”。清代时期,随着蒙、汉、满、藏等多民族文化的相互融合、相互渗透,大量的汉族古典章回小说和民间故事被译成蒙文,并结合蒙古族的生产生活方式、思维以及科尔沁民俗等,形成了自成一派的科尔沁乌力格尔艺术。乌力格尔在科右中旗发展较快,在当地的胡尔奇中,有被誉为“四大艺人”的扎那、蒯莽、常明、金宝山,并形成了以孟根高力套、额尔敦珠日和、布仁巴雅尔为首的三大乌力格尔流派,为乌力格尔的研究和保护工作提供了切实可行的现实依据。其次,文章细致的分析了科右中旗乌力格尔的表演形式和表演技法,并将其音乐形式进行了大致的归纳,使乌力格尔这一民族艺术更立体直观的展现在我们面前。在乌力格尔的传承与发展部分,笔者将科右中旗乌力格尔的传承机制、传承方式以及传承谱系等一一进行了梳理,使我们更清晰地看到科右中旗乌力格尔的流传现状与存在的主要问题。蒙古族乌力格尔是蒙古族文化最精华最典型的代表样式,承载着蒙古族的历史,反映着蒙古族文化的本质,是蒙古族人们生产、生活和精神性格的标志性展示。但是近十几年来,乌力格尔产生的原生自然环境发生了变化,由于乌力格尔“口传心授”的特性,传承人的逝世有可能导致乌力格尔传承链条的的断裂,一旦师承关系得不到延续,演唱方式和表演方法得不到传承,必然会危及鸟力格尔的保护与发展。最后,文章在结合现有资料和当前非物质文化遗产保护热潮的基础上论述了科右中旗乌力格尔的保护与传承,并提出了相关建议。乌力格尔艺术在经历了百余年的发展之后,通过专业艺术工作者的努力,在文献调查、研究和整理方而取得了很大的成绩,但传承现状不容乐观,建议科学采集乌力格尔的资料,寻找和保护乌力格尔传承人,调动民间艺人保护、传承乌力格尔的积极性。培养专门人才,实现培养方式的现代转化及教学体系的建设。坚持继承和发展民族艺术,大力弘扬乌力格尔这一民族音乐的瑰宝。
[Abstract]:The central flag of Kerqin right wing in Xingan, Inner Mongolia, is an important settlement area for Mongolian people. The Mongolians in this area have bred rich national culture and art under the background of specific historical development and regional environment. This is a very valuable and rich wealth in the cultural resources of ethnic minorities in our country. This article takes the Mongolian rap art Hu Renwuliger as the research object, adopts the field investigation method, the oral history method and the questionnaire survey method, starts from the national culture and art survival, the development, the protection and the inheritance angle. In order to find the way and method to save this national art treasure, the author makes a research on Urigger, the right flag of Colqin, and deeply excavates its artistic value in many aspects in order to find the way and method to save this national art treasure. This paper mainly discusses the following aspects: firstly, the paper introduces the physical geography and humanistic history of the center flag of science and right, and combs the local tradition of Urigger's rapping and singing. Urigger art has a long history tradition and profound mass foundation in the center flag of science and right, it originates from a kind of art form "Tao Li" which has a long history. During the Qing Dynasty, with the integration and infiltration of Mongolian, Han, Manchu, Tibetan and other multi-ethnic cultures, a large number of Han classical Zhang Hui novels and folk stories were translated into Mongolian, and combined with Mongolian production and life style. Thinking and Horqin folk custom, formed their own school of Horqin Urigger art. Urigger has developed rapidly in the center flag of science and right. Among the local Huerqi, there are Zana, Quai Mang, Chang Ming and Jin Baoshan, who are known as the "four great entertainers", and have formed the Mengen Gao Li set, the Irdun Pearl Day and the Hulchi, which are known as the "four great entertainers". The three schools led by Bourenbayar provide practical basis for the study and protection of Urigger. Secondly, the article makes a detailed analysis of the performing form and technique of Urigger, and generalizes its musical form, which makes Urigger's national art more stereoscopic and intuitively displayed in front of us. In the part of the inheritance and development of Uriger, the author combs the inheritance mechanism, the way of inheritance and the lineage of the inheritance of Uriger, the middle flag of science and right, and so on. So that we can see more clearly the spread of Urigger in the center of science and right flag and the main problems. Mongolian Uriger is the most elite and typical representative form of Mongolian culture, carrying the history of Mongolian, reflecting the essence of Mongolian culture, is the Mongolian people's production, life and spiritual characteristics of the iconic display. However, over the past decade, the original natural environment produced by Urigger has changed. Due to the characteristics of Urigger's "oral instruction", the death of the inheritor may lead to the break of the Uriegel inheritance chain. Once the teacher-successor relationship is not continued, singing methods and performing methods cannot be inherited, it will inevitably endanger the protection and development of Bird Liegel. Finally, the paper discusses the protection and inheritance of Urigger in the middle banner of Keyou on the basis of the existing data and the current upsurge of intangible cultural heritage protection, and puts forward some relevant suggestions. After more than a hundred years of development, Urigger art has made great achievements in literature investigation, research and collation through the efforts of professional artists, but the present situation of inheritance is not optimistic. It is suggested that we should collect the data of Uriger scientifically, find and protect the inheritors of Uriger, mobilize the protection of folk artists, and inherit the enthusiasm of Urigger. Train the specialized personnel, realize the modern transformation of the training way and the construction of the teaching system. Adhere to inherit and develop national art, vigorously carry forward Urigger this national music treasure.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：J826

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