先天失歌症者音乐意义加工的神经基础及音乐训练效应的研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 20:23

本文选题：先天失歌症 + 音乐外在意义　；参考：《上海师范大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：音乐意义涉及音乐作品所隐含的意图,包括音乐的外在意义和内在意义。先天失歌症(简称失歌症)是一种音乐音高加工的障碍,俗称五音不全。失歌症者对音乐意义的加工是否存在障碍?如果失歌症者对音乐意义理解方面存在障碍,音乐教育是否可以提高其音乐理解能力?本研究从神经生理学角度考察失歌症者对音乐外在和内在意义加工的神经基础,揭示其音乐意义加工障碍的本质,在此基础上,通过音乐训练,探索改善失歌症者音乐理解能力的途径和方法。本研究内容包含3个部分:第1和第2部分分别考察失歌症者对音乐外在和内在意义的加工机制,第3部分考察音乐训练对失歌症者音乐意义加工的影响。其中,第1部分围绕音乐形象性意义和情绪性意义探究其对音乐外在意义的加工。总体上说,本研究共包含6个实验。实验1使用fMRI技术考察失歌症者对音乐形象性意义加工的神经基础。本实验通过操纵旋律音高的变化方向模仿外在于音乐的动态形象,研究结果显示,与正常人相比,失歌症者较差的音乐形象性意义加工能力与其右侧颞中回和额下回较弱的激活有关,该结果暗示了动态形象性音乐意义的加工与右侧颞中回和额下回相关。实验2和实验3使用ERP技术考察失歌症者对音乐情绪性意义加工的神经基础。两个实验分别操纵和弦的协和性与和弦的结构,结果显示,与正常人不同,失歌症者对由和弦协和性与和弦结构变化引起的情绪性意义的外显加工都没有诱发出N400效应。实验4和实验5使用ERP技术考察失歌症者对音乐内在意义加工的神经基础。两个实验分别操纵音乐句末与句中和弦与音乐上下文的吻合性,结果显示,无论是对由局部(句末和弦),还是由远距离(句中和弦)和声句法违规引起的音乐内在意义的外显加工,失歌症者都没有像正常人一样诱发出N5成分。以上研究结果表明,失歌症者无法像正常人一样对音乐的外在意义与内在意义进行外显加工。尽管这种障碍可能缘于多个原因,但是就调性音乐的本质而言,失歌症者对调性音乐结构规则外显加工的缺失可能是其最主要的原因。基于此,实验6聚焦调性音乐结构规则加工外显化的训练,探究音乐训练对失歌症者音乐意义加工的影响。考虑到已有研究结果表明,失歌症者可以内隐地加工调性音乐结构规则,本实验试图以隐喻的方式将其具有的内隐调性音乐结构规则知识表达出来。前测结果发现,失歌症者未能像正常人一样区分违规与不违规旋律,并诱发出ERAN效应。然而,在接受9次音乐训练后,失歌症者就能像正常人一样对音乐意义进行加工,并产生ERAN效应。以上这些结果表明,无论是对音乐的外在意义,还是内在意义的加工,失歌症者都比正常人差,其障碍根源在于他们不能将调性音乐结构规则知识外显化。但是,短期的音乐训练可以提高失歌症者对音乐意义加工的能力,并达到正常水平。这种提高不仅在行为水平而且在脑电水平都得到体现。本研究首次系统地探究失歌症者对音乐意义加工的神经基础,并揭示音乐训练对其意义加工的正面效应。本研究结果不仅有助于揭示失歌症者音乐意义加工的本质,而且也有助于回答人类对音乐意义的理解在多大程度上具有普遍性的科学问题,最终为音乐教育提供可靠的实证依据。
[Abstract]:Music meaning involves the intention implied in the music, including the external and intrinsic meaning of the music. Innate apinas (abbreviated as abbreviated) is an obstacle to the processing of musical pitch, and is commonly known as the five tone incompetence. Is there any obstacle to the processing of musical meaning by the incongener? If the singer has an obstacle to the understanding of the musical meaning, music This study examines the neural basis for the processing of the external and intrinsic meaning of music from the neurophysiology point of view from the perspective of neurophysiology, reveals the essence of its musical meaning processing barriers and, on the basis of this, explores ways and methods to improve the ability of music understanding by music training. The content consists of 3 parts: the first and the second part examines the processing mechanism of the external and intrinsic meaning of the music, and the third part examines the influence of music training on the music meaning processing of the people who have lost their songs. Among them, the first part explores the processing of the external meaning of music around the musical meaning and emotional significance. The study consisted of 6 experiments. Experiment 1 used fMRI technology to investigate the neural basis for the processing of musical image meaning of the inactive people. This experiment imitated the dynamic image of music by manipulating the changing direction of the melody pitch. The results showed that the poor musical image meaning processing ability of the inactive people was compared with the normal people. The lateral temporal gyrus was associated with the weaker activation of the inferior frontal gyrus. The results suggested that the processing of dynamic musical meaning was related to the right temporal gyrus and the lower frontal gyrus. Experiment 2 and Experiment 3 used ERP technique to investigate the neural basis for the emotional meaning processing of the anthem. The concordance of the chords and the structure of the chords were manipulated in the two experiments. The results showed that, unlike the normal people, the inactive people did not induce the N400 effect on the emotional significance of the chord concordance and the chord structure changes. Experiment 4 and Experiment 5 were used to investigate the neural basis of the music intrinsic meaning processing by the ERP technique. The two experiments were respectively manipulating the end of the music sentence and the chord and the chord in the sentence. The music context is consistent, and the results show that, whether it is for the local (sentence end and chord), or by the distant (in the chord) harmonic syntactic violation of the internal significance of the musical meaning of the explicit processing, the inactive people do not like the normal people to induce the N5 component. The external meaning and the intrinsic meaning are processed externally. Although this obstacle may be due to many reasons, the lack of the explicit processing of the rules of the tunable musical structure may be the main reason for the essence of the tunic music. Based on this, the training of the explicit processing of the rule processing of the 6 focused tunable musical structure is explored. The effect of music training on the processing of musical meaning of the inactive people. Considering the results of the previous study, it is shown that those who have lost the song syndrome can implicitly process the structural rules of the tunable music. This experiment attempts to express the knowledge of the rules of the structural rules of the implicit tunable music in a metaphorical way. However, after 9 times of music training, a person who loses the song can process the meaning of the music like a normal person and produces the ERAN effect. The above results show that the person who loses the song is worse than the normal person, whether it is the external meaning of the music or the processing in the meaning of the ERAN. The reason is that they can not show the rules of the rules of the tunable music structure. However, the short-term music training can improve the ability to process the music meaning and reach the normal level. This improvement is not only reflected in the level of behavior but also in the level of brain electricity. The neural basis of semantic processing and the positive effect of music training on its meaning processing. The results of this study not only help to reveal the essence of the music meaning processing of the people who have lost their songs, but also help to answer the question of the extent to which the human understanding of the meaning of music is universal, and ultimately provides a reliable reality for music education. Evidence is based.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J60-05

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