常德丝弦的艺术特征及说唱研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 19:04

本文选题：常德丝弦 + 说唱音乐　；参考：《湖南科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：丝弦是我国民间古老的说唱艺术,历史悠久。丝弦有南北之分,北方丝弦以河北的弦索腔为代表,南方丝弦则以常德丝弦为代表。常德丝弦流行于湖南常德地区,是丝弦艺术中传播较为广泛的分支流派,其语言体系为常德当地方言,音乐表现形式以说唱音乐为主体,旋律线条流畅、优美,唱词优雅、考究。常德丝弦是明末清初时期由江浙民歌和时调小曲传入常德后与当地民间音乐相结合,不断发展演变而成的民间说唱艺术,成为我国较有影响力的说唱艺术之一,至今已有数百年发展历史。它能够成为丝弦艺术中独立的分支流派,与其自身的艺术特点和说唱方面的个性特征是不可分割的。常德丝弦在发展过程中不断汲取本地的音乐、小调、戏曲等艺术文化的精华,融汇于自身的发展,沉淀下浓郁的独具地方文化特点的艺术特色。常德丝弦的艺术特征主要表现在它的音乐形式、音乐特点、伴奏乐器、表演方式和说唱等多个方面。在音乐形式上,常德丝弦根据不同的演出场所而表现出高度的灵活性;在音乐特点方面,既留存着外来音乐曲调的原样,又对本土民间音乐、小调和戏曲等地方艺术精华进行吸收和借鉴,还能给对外来和本地音乐进行融合而表现在牌子曲和板腔体音乐之中;在伴奏乐器方面主要是以弦索为主的乐器组合,这种组合也会依据不同风格的音乐、不同场所和不同表演形式而表现出不同的伴奏形态,无论是何种伴奏形态,其主要乐器都是二胡、三弦、琵琶、扬琴、京胡等弦索乐器。常德丝弦作为一种发展了几百年的民间说唱艺术,又经过历代艺人的传承和改新,其说唱方面已形成常德地域文化显著的风格特点。常德丝弦的唱腔结构既有曲牌联缀体,也有板腔体,以及曲牌联缀和板腔的混合体,方式上是有说有唱、说唱相间的总体演唱风格,其演唱言语方言化。常德丝弦的说唱都是在常德方言基础上依字行腔、以腔带字来追求字正腔圆的演唱效果,其唱腔音乐的旋律曲折细腻,装饰音的润腔也增强了音乐语言契合口语化语言特征。常德丝弦的表演形式多样,它会根据演唱场所的不同而采取坐唱、走唱、表演唱、歌舞群唱等不同形式。但随着经济发展、社会转型以及外来文化的不断渗透,常德丝弦的发展也受到了很大影响。从传承艺人现状来看,老的传承人大多已经故去,新的传承者则以城市为中心来发展这种艺术,其传播空间已经发生转移,农村环境中的艺术形态存留更不容乐观。以城市为中心的后继传承者在素质教育的推动下虽然表现出一定的活力,但传播方式和传播渠道的变化也很难将这一新生承继群体的数量继续扩大。从演出现状来看,富有现代气息的新作品不多,质量也参差不齐,旧有的受众群体为数不多,新生代的受众群体隔断程度更高。保护和创新传承已时不待我。常德丝弦要想得以持续性地发展,首先需要发展其艺术自身,在作品创新、演出形式创新、传播方式创新等方面多下功夫。其次,加强对从业艺人的专业教育,使口传心授为主的继承模式转变为艺人能够自主学习的专业性的继承方式。最后,常德丝弦还需要政府持续保持当前的保护和扶持机制,支持其发展和创新。
[Abstract]:The silk string is an ancient Chinese folk rap art with a long history. The silk string is divided into North and south, the northern string is represented by the chord cavities in Hebei, and the southern string is represented by the Changde string. The Changde string is popular in Changde of Hunan, which is a widely spread branch in the art of the silk string, and its language system is the local dialect of Changde and the music table. The present form takes rap as the main body, the melody lines smooth, graceful, elegant, elegant and exquisite. The Changde silk string is a folk rap art which has been developed and evolved from the folk songs of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and local folk music in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, which has become one of the most influential rap art in China. It can become an independent branch of the art of the silk string art. It is inseparable from its own characteristics of art and the character of rap. In the course of development, Changde's silk strings draw on the essence of local music, minor, opera and other arts and culture, merge into their own development, and precipitate a rich and unique place. The artistic features of the cultural characteristics. The artistic features of the Changde silk string are mainly manifested in its musical forms, musical features, accompaniment instruments, performing methods and rap. In the form of music, the Changde silk strings show high flexibility according to different places of performance; in the musical characteristics, the original music is retained in the original music tune. It also absorbs and draws lessons from local folk music, minor and opera, and can also integrate foreign and local music in brand music and plate music. In accompaniment instruments, it is mainly composed of string cables. This combination will also be based on different styles of music and different places. Different forms of accompaniment and different forms of accompaniment, no matter what accompaniment forms, the main instruments are the erhu, the three strings, the pipa, the dulcimer, the Beijing Hu and other stringed instruments. The Changde silk string has been a folk rap art developed for several hundred years, and has passed through the inheritance and modification of the artists of the past dynasties, and its rap has formed the regional language of Changde. The singing style of the Changde silk string consists of both the couplet, the plate cavity, the combination of the combination of the music and the plate, the style of singing and the rap, and the dialect of the singing. The rap of the Changde string is pursued on the basis of the dialect of Changde. The singing effect, the melody of the singing music is tortuous and delicate, the moistening cavity of the decorative sound also strengthens the language characteristic of the spoken language. The performance of the Changde silk string is varied. It will take different forms according to the different singing places, such as singing, singing, singing, singing and dancing, and so on. But with the economic development, the social transformation As well as the continuous infiltration of foreign culture, the development of the Changde silk string has also been greatly affected. From the present status of the artist, the old inheritors have been mostly old, and the new inheritors develop this art with the center of the city. The space has been transferred, and the art form in the rural area is not optimistic. The successor of the center has shown certain vitality under the impetus of quality education, but the change of the mode of communication and the change of communication channel is also difficult to expand the number of the new successors. From the present situation, the new works of modern atmosphere are not much, the quality is uneven, the old audience group is few, In order to develop continuously, Changde silk string needs to develop its own art in the first place, in the creation of the works, the innovation of the form of the performance, the innovation of the mode of communication and so on. Secondly, to strengthen the professional education of the practitioners and give priority to the oral and oral teaching. The inheritance model is transformed into a professional inheritance way that the artist can learn independently. Finally, the Changde silk string needs the government to maintain the current protection and support mechanism to support its development and innovation.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J607

【参考文献】