演唱实践中“声门适度感”的相关问题

发布时间：2019-02-13 22:00

【摘要】：西洋唱法诞生距今已有四百多年。随着中西方文化交流的日渐频繁,“声门适度感”在声乐演唱和教育过程中的重要作用,引起了国内外越来越多的学者的关注。本文是笔者在前人对发声过程中声门运动状态研究的基础上,进一步对演唱实践中“声门适度感”进行相关的研究。本文分为四个章节。第一章节主要是“声门适度感”的内涵及其理论形成。笔者主要以国内外两个最具有代表性的理论依据为表述对象,一个是加尔西亚(子)发明了喉镜并提出的“声门冲击”学说。从生理学上对歌唱过程中的声门运动状态进行了详细的研究,还纠正了一些歌者在学唱的过程中可能会出现的声带闭合不良、漏气、吸气乏力、声音嘶哑等常见毛病,同时强化各部分嗓音器官的功能。另一个是我国著名的声乐教育家沈湘先生,在前人的基础上对歌唱中的声门状态进行进一步研究,并首次提出“声门适度感”的概念。同时笔者还简单的介绍了一些其他歌唱家、教育家以及不同水平阶段的学者们,对演唱实践中“声门适度感”进行的不同程度和角度相关研究。第二章笔者分别从物理学基础、生理学基础和心理学基础三个方面来研究。重点针对从事声乐学习的众多学者,从生理学角度对歌唱发声机制的了解普遍欠缺的情况,详细的解释了歌唱发声过程中各部位的器官和肌肉组织的协调运动,以及不同的发声情况所对应的不同生理发声机制。同时笔者通过物理学角度解释了声带振动的基本原理,以及声带振动的频率与音调、振幅与音量、振动形式与音色这些物理属性与现象的关系。第三、四章是本文的重点。第三章叙述了歌唱过程中声门状态与呼吸状态的关系、声门非正常状态的表现和产生原因,并重点讲述了为获得“声门适度感”生理和心理的调控训练。其中心理调控是笔者的重中之重。笔者详细的论述了在训练“声门适度感”的过程中,心理调控对生理调控的作用和影响,以及歌者需要充分利用心理调控来指导和帮助获得“声门适度感”。最后一章是“声门适度感”在演唱中的运用和启示。笔者深入的剖析了“声门适度感”的理论实质,列举了非声门适度引起的诸多具有代表性的问题,并一一提出了对应解决的方法以及可行性的训练方法。在论述的最后,笔者结合作品,更深入的论述了“声门适度感”在诠释一个完整的作品过程中的运用。笔者希望通过本篇论文的详细论述,能够引起声乐学者们对“声门适度感”的重视,帮助歌者更清楚的认识自身的发声器官,以及自身存在的歌唱潜能,为歌者解决演唱过程中遇到的常见问题提供新视角,对歌者的演唱和学习有所启发和帮助。
[Abstract]:Western singing has been born more than 400 years ago. With the increasingly frequent cultural exchanges between China and the West, the importance of "glottic moderation" in the process of vocal music singing and education has attracted more and more scholars' attention at home and abroad. On the basis of previous researches on glottic movement state in vocal process, the author further studies the "glottic moderation" in singing practice. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is mainly about the connotation of glottic moderation and its theoretical formation. The author mainly takes two most representative theoretical bases at home and abroad as the object of expression. One is Garc 铆 a invented laryngoscope and put forward the theory of "glottic shock". A detailed physiological study of the movement of the glottis in the process of singing has been carried out, and some common defects such as poor vocal cord closure, air leakage, inhale fatigue, hoarseness and so on may have been corrected in the process of learning and singing by some singers. At the same time, strengthen the function of each part of the voice organ. The other is Mr. Shen Xiang, a famous vocal music educator in our country, who studied the glottic state in singing on the basis of predecessors, and put forward the concept of "glottic moderation" for the first time. At the same time, the author also briefly introduces some other singers, educators and scholars at different levels, to the singing practice of "glottis moderation" in different degrees and angles of relevant research. In the second chapter, the author studies from three aspects: physics, physiology and psychology. Focusing on the many scholars engaged in vocal music learning, from a physiological point of view of the general lack of understanding of the vocal mechanism of singing, explained in detail in the process of vocal singing organs and muscle tissue coordination movement. And different physiological phonation mechanisms corresponding to different phonation conditions. At the same time, the author explains the basic principle of vocal cord vibration, and the relationship between the physical properties and phenomena of vocal cord vibration, such as frequency and tone, amplitude and volume, vibration form and timbre. The third and fourth chapters are the emphases of this paper. The third chapter describes the relationship between glottic state and respiratory state in the process of singing, the expression and cause of glottic abnormal state, and focuses on the training of physiological and psychological regulation and control for obtaining "glottic moderate sense". Among them, psychological regulation is the most important part of the author. The author discusses in detail the role and influence of psychological regulation on physiological regulation in the process of training glottic moderation, and the singer needs to make full use of psychological regulation to guide and help to obtain "glottic moderation". The last chapter is the application and enlightenment of glottis moderation in singing. The author deeply analyzes the theoretical essence of "glottic moderation", enumerates many representative problems caused by non-glottic moderation, and puts forward corresponding solutions and feasible training methods one by one. At the end of the thesis, the author discusses the application of glottic moderation in the process of interpreting a complete work. The author hopes that through the detailed discussion of this paper, it can arouse the attention of vocal music scholars to the "glottic sense", and help singers to understand their vocal organs and their singing potential more clearly. It provides a new perspective for the singer to solve the common problems encountered in the process of singing, and enlightens and helps the singer in singing and learning.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J616.2

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