合阳线偶戏音乐技术现象研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 04:24

本文关键词： 线偶戏音乐曲式和声复调　出处：《陕西师范大学》2008年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 合阳线偶戏,是发源于陕西合阳一带的独特剧种。因其演出风格别具一格、戏曲音乐独具特色,它一直深受全国各地的戏曲爱好者的喜爱和赞誉。作为国家第一批非物质文化遗产之一,它经历了两千多年的时光流转,而成为我国乃至世界艺术史上起源最早、发展最早的线偶戏剧种,也是迄今为止,保留古老线偶艺术最多的剧种之一。线偶戏成为一种独立的剧种,它的发源朝代大约是在汉代,到了唐朝时兴盛一时,明清两朝在全国上下比较活跃。它以其独特的艺术魅力和独特风格而成为中华一绝。除了它的表演外,它的音乐更是值得玩味品尝。其唱腔自成一系,韵味十足,故有“到了合阳,必听线腔”之说。它那委婉细腻的音韵,体现了合阳人民的质朴无华,透过线偶戏音乐,人们可以一窥合阳一带深厚的文化底蕴。本文主要从合阳线偶戏的起源发展的角度,深入分析其产生的脉络走向,研究其独特的艺术特征,进一步论证线偶戏音乐的主要技术现象。第一部分中,笔者从三个方面对线偶戏及线偶戏音乐的起源进行阐述。早在帝喾时代,线偶戏的戏具木偶已经产生,到了夏商时,木偶歌舞的不断发展,以及“优伶”的出现促进了木偶与戏的结合,经历了秦汉歌舞与散乐百戏的融合阶段后,线偶戏逐步萌生。在其发展过程中,线偶戏音乐受“劝善调”的影响巨大,同时,在合阳一带的农业神歌也成为线偶戏音乐衍变过程中的一个重要推动因素,最终为向具有独立声腔特色的线偶调的形成奠定了基础。第二部分着重论述了线偶戏音乐的三大组成部分—唱腔音乐、丝竹音乐、锣鼓音乐。笔者结合实例重点分析了唱腔音乐中的板式流程、线偶调和乱弹调的各元素构成,归纳出线偶戏丝竹音乐的运用规律;在锣鼓音乐部分,分析了锣鼓音乐的功能和线偶戏音乐中的乐队构成以及分类,最后结合大量谱例对线偶戏音乐的基本结构层次进行了阐明。第三部分线偶戏音乐特征。笔者从线偶戏音乐的普遍性特征开始着手,结合对其的准确定位,进一步分析出它在艺术个性。从社会的、历史的角度阐明线偶戏音乐的地方化及线偶戏音乐的程式性特征。线偶戏音乐是带有明显北方属区性的剧种音乐之一,它受合阳地方语音的影响,在调式音阶、主奏乐器的定调、特有过门以及锣鼓和板头铜器等方面表现有明显的个性。第四部分线偶戏音乐技法。笔者结合实例考查,分析了线偶戏音乐的常用技法。主要包括句式变化、板式组合、旋律发展、曲式架构四个内容。线偶戏音乐因唱腔的变化需要需对基本句式进行必要的扩充或紧缩,以此改变基本腔型句式的内部结构,形成能够表现不同感情色彩的各种式样的变化句式。同时,在板式变化上,线偶戏音乐依其各种板式的独特之处和表现作用,随着剧情的发展和人物感情的起伏,基本板式必须进行灵活的组合运用。另外,在旋律发展上,引伸、对比等一些技法也在线偶戏音乐中有所体现,基本实现了自身旋律发展的不断完善。在曲式发展方面,对置、再现、变奏和回旋等手法也运用得较为普遍。第五部分,笔者对线偶戏音乐的和声和复调现象进行了阐述。线偶戏音乐虽年代久远,但今天看来,它已经具备了相当程度的和声形态表现。如线偶戏音乐在各个乐句结束处,不同的停顿音上构成了Ⅴ-Ⅰ,Ⅰ-Ⅴ的进行,这与西方的奥尔加农时期的和声特征较为接近。同时,线偶戏音乐和声形态的类似表现,主要基于其完整的板式体系已经形成、伴奏的形式和乐队的配置也相对成熟等一系列客观事实。一些技术现象如演唱中男女二声部中有三度、四度音程叠置,在纯器乐的伴奏中出现了五度、六度的音程叠置等。笔者还对和声(Ⅰ)的表现形态,即唱词衬词中由他人应和在帮腔的部分进行了论述。在复调方面,线偶戏音乐的“复调循环套曲”形式主要体现在各种板式的板头铜器音乐中。其打击乐又为表现线偶戏音乐特点的和声音型节奏与织体提供了条件。另外,线偶戏音乐还运用对比复调、支声复调等手法,使线偶戏音乐显得淳朴、自然,富有生活气息。
[Abstract]:Heyang is a unique line of puppet opera, originated in the Shaanxi area of Heyang. Because of its performance style have a unique style, unique opera music, it has been well received by the country opera lovers of love and praise. As one of the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage, it has experienced two thousand years of time, become our country and even the world of art the history of the earliest origin, the earliest line puppet drama, so far, even the most reserved old line art drama.
Line art has become an independent drama, it is about the origin of the dynasties in the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty flourished during the two dynasties are active in the country. With its unique artistic charm and unique style and become China a must. In addition to its performance, it is worth pondering the taste of music the singing into a class of its own, full of flavor, it is "to Heyang, will listen to the line cavity". Its delicate euphemism phonology, the embodiment of Heyang's starkness, through the line play music, people can see the Heyang area rich cultural heritage.
This article mainly from the Heyang line play origin development perspective, in-depth analysis of the development trend, study its unique artistic features, further demonstrates the main technical line of music. The phenomenon of puppet
In the first part, the origin of the author from the three aspects of line and line puppet puppet music described. Early in the Ku era, puppet show puppet line has been produced to the Xia and Shang, the continuous development of the puppet dance "actor", and promote the emergence of puppet and drama combined experience the fusion stage dance and music drama of the Qin and Han Dynasties, line puppet gradually initiation. In the process of its development, influenced by the "good music line puppet tune", at the same time, in the vicinity of Heyang agricultural song of God has also become an important factor to promote the development of the music puppet line, finally laid the foundation for to the line formed with independent tune features even tone.
The second part focuses on the line puppet music three parts - Aria music, Sizhu music, percussion music. The author introduced the process of vocal music in the plate, line even harmonic elements Luantan adjustable structure, summarized outlet Sizhu music use puppet rule; in percussion music part, analyzes the function and the line of music in the music play percussion band composition and classification, finally combined with the basic structure of a large number of music music puppet expounded on the line.
The third part line puppet feature of music. Beginning with the general characteristics of the combination of music and art, its accurate positioning, further analysis of its artistic personality. From the social and historical perspective to clarify program localization and line line music music puppet puppet features. The line is one of the opera music puppet music with a clear district of northern Heyang, which was influenced by the local voice, in the mode, the main instrument of the door and set the tone, unique drums and other aspects of the bronze plate head has a distinct personality.
The fourth part line puppet music techniques. Combined with the examples of test, analysis of the commonly used techniques of music. Including the puppet line patterns change, plate combination, theme development, architecture form four aspects. The line puppet music because of singing changes need to carry out the necessary expansion or contraction of the basic sentence patterns, in order to change the internal structure of the basic cavity sentence, sentence pattern can change the formation of different emotions. At the same time, the plate changes on line according to the various type of music puppet is unique and the role of performance, with the development of the plot and characters of ups and downs, the basic plate must be carried out using the flexible combination. In addition, drawing in the melody development. Comparison, reflected some techniques of online music puppet, the basic realization of the theme of the development of continuous improvement. In the form of development, facing, reproduction, variations and Rondo Such techniques are also widely used.
The fifth part, on the line of puppet harmony and polyphony music phenomenon. The author describes line puppet music although old, but today it seems, it already has a considerable degree of harmony form. Such as the line at the end of each music puppet in different phrases, pause sound form V - I, for I - V the characteristics of harmony with the western agricultural Olga period is close. At the same time, a similar performance line puppet music sound form, mainly based on the complete system of plate has been formed, and the band accompaniment form configuration is relatively mature and a series of objective facts. Some phenomena such as men and women have two voices singing three degrees, four degrees interval overlapping, in the pure instrumental accompaniment in five degrees, six degrees interval overlapping. The author also of harmony (I) forms, namely the libretto by others and the word chimed in on the part of the Discussion. In the polyphony, line puppet music "polyphonic cycle Taoqu" is mainly reflected in the form of various plate plate head bronze music. The percussion and provides the conditions for the line puppet music characteristics and sound rhythm and texture. In addition, the line also contrast with the polyphonic music puppet, polyphony technique the line is simple, play music, natural, rich flavor of life.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：J617.8

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