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小胶质细胞活化产物对原代培养大脑皮质神经元凋亡的影响

发布时间:2018-01-07 13:12

  本文关键词:小胶质细胞活化产物对原代培养大脑皮质神经元凋亡的影响 出处:《河北医科大学》2012年硕士论文 论文类型:学位论文


  更多相关文章: 弥漫性轴索损伤 小胶质细胞 继发性损伤 神经元凋亡


【摘要】:目的:弥漫性轴索损伤(Diffuse axonal injury,DAI)是一种原发性弥漫性脑损伤,是最重要的脑创伤类型之一,,是引起死亡、严重致残及植物生存的主要原因。β-淀粉样前体蛋白(β-amyloid precursor protein,β-APP)的免疫组织化学染色是诊断DAI的金标准。正常情况下微量的β-APP沿着轴索通过快速顺行轴浆运输至突触。β淀粉样蛋白(β-amyloid,Aβ)是β-APP通过蛋白水解作用后产生的一段淀粉样肽。当轴索发生损伤后,轴浆运输中断,从而导致β-APP的积聚并在轴突和胞体中大量表达,大量的Aβ由于β-APP酶解作用的上调而聚集在神经元的核周体,聚集的Aβ具有毒性作用,并可以激活小胶质细胞。 大量研究已证实,DAI后的神经损害不仅发生在损伤瞬间,且在其后的数分钟到数天内还可出现神经元延迟性死亡。目前关于理解DAI发病过程相关的病理级联反应已经有了明显的进展,然而其形成机制尚不完全明确,是法医学和神经科学亟待解决的难题。在DAI的发病过程中,不仅表现为外力直接作用引起的神经元受损和死亡,同时也存在神经元凋亡,细胞凋亡不仅参与了DAI,而且可能在DAI的发生发展过程中扮演着重要的角色。Caspase-3属半胱天冬蛋白酶家族的一员,又被称作死亡蛋白酶,caspase-3的活化是损伤诱导凋亡的最后共同通路。实验研究中,多以caspase-3作为研究指标来评价细胞的凋亡。 前期研究表明,在体状态下DAI大鼠脑皮质和海马神经元轴突中有β-APP的积聚,在损伤的轴索周围观察到小胶质细胞的聚集和活化,活化的小胶质细胞可以产生大量的炎症因子,引发神经元的“二次损伤”,导致神经元凋亡。然而,离体状态下,Aβ激活的小胶质细胞释放的TNFα和IL-1β是否可以引发大脑皮质神经元凋亡,进而参与神经元的“二次损伤”及其具体机制,尚未见详细报道。 因此,本实验采用Aβ1-40作用于原代培养的小胶质细胞,应用ELISA和Real Time PCR的方法,通过检测TNFα和IL-1β含量及其mRNA的表达观察小胶质细胞活化情况;用激活的小胶质细胞条件培养基培养大脑皮质神经元,应用Real Time PCR和Hoechst33258染色的方法分别检测神经元caspase-3mRNA的表达和神经元的凋亡率,以探讨DAI后小胶质细胞的活化引起神经元损伤的可能机制,为进一步阐明DAI病理生理学机制奠定基础,为法医学实际检案工作中对DAI损伤的客观评价提供理论依据。 方法: 1原代培养新生24h内SD乳鼠大脑皮质小胶质细胞,用Aβ1-40处理小胶质细胞,随机分为4组:对照组、Aβ处理组、Aβ+MC组和MC组。对照组不加处理因素,Aβ处理组加入1μMAβ1-40作用于小胶质细胞6h,Aβ+MC组在加入Aβ1-40前30min加入0.2μM米诺环素(Minocycline,MC),MC组只加入0.2μM MC。ELISA法检测细胞培养上清中TNFα和IL-1β的含量,Real Time PCR检测细胞中TNFα和IL-1β mRNA的表达。 2原代培养新生24h内SD乳鼠大脑皮质神经元,随机分为4组:对照组、1/2Aβ-MCM组、1/4Aβ-MCM组、1/8Aβ-MCM组。对照组神经元正常培养,1/2Aβ-MCM组、1/4Aβ-MCM组、1/8Aβ-MCM组分别在神经元培养基中加入1/2、1/4、1/8Aβ激活的小胶质细胞条件培养基(Aβactivated microglia conditioned media,Aβ-MCM),每组包括5个不同时相:1h、3h、6h、12h、24h。Real Time PCR检测各组细胞中caspase-3mRNA的表达。选取1/2Aβ-MCM组,采用Hoechst33258染色,观察神经元的凋亡率。 用SPSS13.0软件进行统计学分析,数据用均数±标准差(Mean±SD)表示。各组均数的比较行单因素方差分析(ANOVA),以最小显著差法(least significant difference,LSD)作两两比较,以P<0.05为有显著性差异。 结果: 1Aβ1-40对小胶质细胞的作用及米诺环素对其作用的影响 应用1μM Aβ1-40作用于小胶质细胞6h后,细胞培养上清中TNFα和IL-1β的含量明显升高,与对照组相比有显著性差异(P<0.01);加入0.2μM米诺环素和Aβ1-40共同作用于小胶质细胞后,明显抑制了TNFα和IL-1β的升高,与Aβ处理组相比明显下降。 应用1μM Aβ1-40作用于小胶质细胞6h后,小胶质细胞中TNFα、IL-1βmRNA的表达明显升高,与对照组相比有显著性差异(P<0.01);加入0.2μM米诺环素和Aβ1-40共同作用于小胶质细胞后,明显抑制了TNFα、IL-1β mRNA的表达,与Aβ处理组相比明显下降。 2Aβ-MCM对神经元caspase-3mRNA表达的影响 在神经元培养基中加入1/2量的Aβ-MCM后,各时间点神经元caspase-3mRNA的表达均升高,与对照组相比均有显著性差异(P<0.05),其中以6h时升高最明显(P<0.01)。在神经元培养基中加入1/4量和1/8量的Aβ-MCM,各时间点神经元caspase-3mRNA的表达与对照组相比均无显著性差异。 3Aβ-MCM对神经元凋亡率的影响 应用Hoechst33258染色观察神经元的凋亡率,结果显示,1/2Aβ-MCM处理后各时间点均可见荧光强度较高的凋亡神经元细胞核,并伴有染色质的浓缩、聚集。随机选取5个视野,300个细胞计数并进行统计学分析,结果显示,1/2Aβ-MCM作用6h时,神经元凋亡率最高。 结论: 1成功建立了Aβ1-40激活的小胶质细胞条件培养基促大脑皮质神经元损伤模型。 2Aβ1-40激活的小胶质细胞产生TNFα和IL-1β,导致大脑皮质神经元caspase-3mRNA表达上调和神经元凋亡率增加。
[Abstract]:Objective: diffuse axonal injury (Diffuse axonal, injury, DAI) is a kind of primary diffuse brain injury is one of the most important types of traumatic brain injury, is the main reason to cause death, serious disability and plant survival. Beta amyloid precursor protein (beta -amyloid precursor protein, P -APP). Immunohistochemical staining is the gold standard for the diagnosis of DAI. Under normal circumstances, the trace of beta -APP along the axon by fast anterograde axoplasmic transport to synapses. Amyloid beta (beta -amyloid and A beta) is a beta amyloid peptide -APP by proteolysis after production. When the cable is damaged, shaft slurry transport disruption, which leads to the accumulation of -APP and beta expression in axons and cell bodies, a large number of A beta and aggregation in the neuronal perikaryon by beta -APP enzyme increases, aggregation of A beta has toxic effect, and can activate microglia.
A large number of studies have confirmed that neural damage after DAI injury occurs not only in the moment, and after a few minutes to several days can also appear delayed neuron death. The pathological cascade is about understanding the pathogenesis of DAI related has made significant progress, but its formation mechanism is not entirely clear, is a difficult problem in forensic medicine science and neuroscience needs to be solved. In the pathogenesis of DAI, not only for the injury and death caused by external force directly but also the existence of neurons, neuronal apoptosis, apoptosis not only in DAI, and may be a member of.Caspase-3 plays an important role in the development of DAI is a caspase family that is called death protease, caspase-3 activation is the final common pathway of apoptosis induced by injury. In the experiment with caspase-3 as the research index to evaluate cell Apoptosis.
Previous studies have shown that in vivo cerebral cortex and hippocampal neuronal axons in DAI rats with beta -APP accumulation, around the injury axonal observed in microglia activation and aggregation, activated microglia can produce numerous inflammatory factors, causing neurons two "damage", leading to neuronal apoptosis however, the isolated condition, whether A beta activated microglia release of TNF alpha and IL-1 beta could induce apoptosis in cortical neurons, and to participate in the "two neuron injury" and its specific mechanism has not yet been reported in detail.
Therefore, this experiment adopts the A beta 1-40 in primary cultured microglia, ELISA and Real Time PCR method, by detecting the expression of TNF alpha and IL-1 beta content and mRNA observation of the activation of microglia; medium cortical neurons with conditions of activation of microglia cultured respectively, detection methods Real Time and PCR Hoechst33258 staining neurons caspase-3mRNA expression and neuron apoptosis rate, to investigate the DAI after the activation of microglia may cause neuronal damage mechanism, which lays the foundation for the study of mechanism to further elucidate the pathophysiology of DAI, and provide a theoretical basis for objective evaluation of DAI damage in actual prosecution for forensic case work.
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