山东大学齐鲁医院白内障门诊患者焦虑与抑郁发生现状及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-01-18 12:04

本文关键词：山东大学齐鲁医院白内障门诊患者焦虑与抑郁发生现状及影响因素研究　出处：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：研究背景白内障是眼科常见病和多发病,60岁以上老人患病率高达69.03%。白内障是最常见的致盲和视力残疾原因。因白内障而失明的人群约占全世界致盲人数的40%,其中的大多数人处于发展中国家。我国目前因白内障致盲的患者至少有400万例,并且以每年40万例的速度增长。白内障所致的视力损害在不同程度上影响了患者的工作,日常生活以及心理精神健康,使得生活质量不同程度的下降。因此,在临床实践过程中,加强白内障门诊患者心理状态及其影响因素的研究,探索影响白内障患者负性心理的相关因素,并以此对患者实施科学有效的心理评估及健康教育干预,提供良好的社会支持,使患者能够积极配合所采取的相应的治疗,增强手术时的自主配合能力,促进术后的良好康复,有效改善白内障患者的心理健康状况,乐观面对现实,提高生活质量,具有重要的社会现实意义。研究目的通过对白内障门诊患者焦虑与抑郁现状进行问卷调查,了解白内障患者焦虑、抑郁发生情况及其相关影响因素,以期为白内障视力损害患者提供及时的心理护理和健康教育,帮助患者采取积极的应对方式,提高白内障患者的生活质量提供参考依据。资料与方法随机选取山东大学齐鲁医院眼科门诊就诊的529例白内障患者作为调查对象,采用自制调查问卷、SAS和SDS量表进行访谈式调查获得原始资料。资料分析采用t检验和方差分析。主要结果 1)白内障门诊患者焦虑、抑郁发生情况：529例患者中62例存在不同程度的焦虑状态,占研究对象的11.72%；49例有不同程度的抑郁状态,占研究对象的9.23%。2)单因素分析结果：不同年龄、职业、家庭月收入层患者焦虑、抑郁状态显著不同；其抑郁状态在不同婚姻状况、疾病持续时间的患者中分布明显不同,但焦虑状态在这两种人群中的分布无统计学意义的差异；对于不同经济来的患者,无论是焦虑还是抑郁状态都没有明显差异。3)多因素分析结果：①性别、年龄、职业、家庭月收入、合并症、视力水平、健康自评等级和受教育程度对患者术前焦虑状态有明显影响。随着家庭月收入、受教育程度以及健康水平和视力水平的提高,患者的焦虑评分也相应降低。②合并症、视力水平、医疗付费方式和健康自评等级对抑郁自评量表总粗分有统计学意义。随着视力水平和健康自评等级的提高,患者的抑郁评分也相应降低。4)相关性分析结果：白内障患者的焦虑与抑郁之间存在显著正相关性,焦虑状态严重者,其抑郁状态也严重。结论与建议白内障患者存在不同程度的焦虑、抑郁状态,二者之间存在显著相关性。积极为白内障患者实施有效治疗,做好患者的心理护理和干预,增加社会支持水平,减轻他们的焦虑与抑郁状况,提高生活质量,正确面对现实,同时为患者提供“以人为本”的个性化健康教育干预及良好的社会支持,有重要的现实意义。
[Abstract]:Research background
Cataract is a common and frequently occurring disease in Ophthalmology, 60 years old the prevalence rate of 69.03%. cataract is the most common cause of blindness and visual disability. Cataract blindness crowd accounted for about 40% of the world population of blindness, which most people in developing countries. China's current caused by cataract patients with at least 4 million cases. And with a 400 thousand annual growth rate of cases.
Visual impairment caused by cataract affects the patient's work in different degrees, daily life and mental health, the decline in the quality of life in different degrees. Therefore, in clinical practice, strengthen the psychological state of patients with cataract clinic research and its influence factors, explore the influence factors of cataract patients of negative psychology, and then the implementation of scientific and effective psychological assessment and intervention of health education for patients, provide a good social support, so that patients can actively cooperate with the corresponding treatment, enhance the independent coordination ability at the time of surgery, promote postoperative rehabilitation, improve the mental health status of patients with cataract, optimistic in the face of reality, to improve the quality of life, with the important significance of social reality.
research objective
Through a questionnaire survey of patients with anxiety and depression status of outpatient cataract, cataract patients understand the anxiety, depression and related factors, and to provide psychological care and health education for patients with timely cataract visual impairment, help the patients to take positive coping style and provide a reference for improving the quality of life of patients with cataract.
Information and methods
A total of 529 cataract patients were selected from the ophthalmology clinic of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University. They were investigated by self-made questionnaire, SAS and SDS scale. The data were analyzed by t test and ANOVA.
Main results
1) the anxiety of patients with cataract clinic, the occurrence of depression: in 529 patients, 62 cases had different degrees of anxiety, accounting for 11.72% of the study participants; 49 cases had various degrees of depression, accounting for research object 9.23%.2) single factor analysis showed: different age, occupation, family income level in patients with anxiety and depression the state is significantly different; depression in different marital status, disease duration in patients with different differences, but there was no significant distribution of anxiety in the two crowd; for different economic to patients with either anxiety or depression have no difference in.3) multivariate analysis results: 1. Gender, age, occupation, family income levels, complications, visual acuity, self-reported health level and education level have significant effect on the anxiety of patients. With family income, education level And improve the health level and the level of visual acuity, patients with anxiety scores decreased. The complications, visual acuity, medical billing and self rated health level of self rating Depression Scale total score was statistically significant. With the self rating visual acuity level and improving the health of patients, depression scores decreased.4) the result of correlation analysis: there is a positive correlation between anxiety and depression in patients with cataracts, severe anxiety, depression is also serious.
Conclusions and suggestions
Cataract patients have different degrees of anxiety, depression, there is a significant correlation between the two. The active implementation of effective treatment for cataract patients, psychological nursing and intervention of patients, increase the level of social support, anxiety and depression status of them, improve the quality of life, the right to face the reality, while providing personalized health education intervention "" and a good social support for patients, has important practical significance.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R776.1;R395

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