单眼形觉剥夺触发视皮层兴奋与抑制平衡突触缩放调节机制的研究进展

发布时间：2018-01-21 00:35

本文关键词： 视皮层可塑性单眼剥夺突触缩放兴奋性抑制性　出处：《中华眼科医学杂志(电子版)》2016年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：突触缩放是稳态可塑性研究中最常用的形式,神经系统活动水平全局性的降低(如单眼形觉剥夺)可触发突触缩放机制。稳态可塑性对于维持神经元活动在正常范围内波动是必不可少的,它可以调控由于突触强度增强或减弱引起的过高或过低的神经网络活动水平。大脑皮层的兴奋性与抑制性平衡是维持正常脑功能的前提,而失衡则会诱发癫痫、帕金森及抑郁症等多种神经疾病。抑制性突触的可塑性,在兴奋性与抑制性平衡中扮演着关键角色。业内既往的研究,多数集中在新皮层和海马区的突触缩放稳态的可塑性方面,而对于视皮层区域的研究报导尚少。本文就单眼形觉剥夺触发的视皮层兴奋与抑制平衡稳态突触缩放调节机制的研究进展进行综述。
[Abstract]:Synaptic scaling is the most commonly used form in the study of steady-state plasticity. A global decrease in the level of activity of the nervous system (such as monocular deprivation) triggers the mechanism of synaptic scaling. Steady-state plasticity is essential to maintain neuronal activity fluctuating in a normal range. It can regulate the high or too low level of neural network activity caused by the increase or decrease of synaptic intensity. The balance of excitability and inhibition of cerebral cortex is the premise to maintain normal brain function, and the imbalance will induce epilepsy. A variety of neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and depression. The plasticity of inhibitory synapses plays a key role in the balance between excitability and depression. Most of them focus on the plasticity of synaptic scaling in neocortex and hippocampal area. However, there are few reports on the region of visual cortex. In this paper, the mechanism of excitation and inhibition of balanced stable synaptic scaling in the visual cortex triggered by monocular form deprivation is reviewed.
【作者单位】：天津医科大学;天津市眼科医院斜视与小儿眼科;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(81300791)
【分类号】：R339.14
【正文快照】： 突触自身稳态可塑性机制是在神经元及神经回路发育过程中,通过自身稳态模式调节突触或内源性兴奋性,以保持神经元相对恒定的放电率[1-2],将神经回路的活性自动调整到某一期望的生理范围。从无脊椎动物的神经网络到脊椎动物的脊髓、海马体与皮层,均证实中枢神经元自身稳态可塑

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