膳食纤维对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠的血糖影响及机理研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 19:09

本文选题：可溶性膳食纤维　切入点：不溶性膳食纤维　出处：《南昌大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来糖尿病患者数量急剧上升,其中95%以上为第Ⅱ型糖尿病,已成为第三大非传染性疾病,仅次于心血管病和肿瘤,寻求一个可行的方法预防和治疗糖尿病具有重要意义。膳食纤维具有独特的物理和化学性质及其他生理功能,已报导具备降血糖功效。可能的机理包括纤维本身的凝胶性,提高机体对胰岛素的敏感性,增加饱腹感,抑制消化酶,增加胰岛素受体细胞等。本课题以链脲霉素结合烟酰胺建立Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠模型,通过比较不同性别,不同体重的SD大鼠造模成功率,研究了最佳的造模条件。在此基础上研究了不同膳食纤维包括可溶性膳食纤维、不溶性膳食纤维及全膳食纤维及阿卡波糖片对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠血糖的影响,并从糖化血红蛋白,糖耐量,肝糖原等方面分析了体内降血糖的可能机制。通过体外实验,比较膳食纤维对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用,分析了膳食纤维降血糖的可能作用机制。模型建立实验表明：Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠的最佳造模条件为220 g雄性SD大鼠,雌性以及其他体重范围的大鼠成模率低并且不稳定。这可能是由于220 g雄性大鼠对链脲霉素更为敏感,且220 g体重时大鼠处于青年期,最适于造模。膳食纤维对糖尿病大鼠体内血糖影响及机理研究： ①血糖影响：从空腹血糖及糖化血红蛋白可以看出膳食纤维可降低糖尿病大鼠的血糖水平,其中空腹血糖研究中,降血糖效果为不溶性膳食纤维总膳食纤维可溶性膳食纤维阿卡波糖；糖化血红蛋白研究中,降低效果为阿卡波糖不溶性膳食纤维总膳食纤维可溶性膳食纤维。 ②机理研究：从口服糖耐量和糖化血红蛋白实验结果可以得出,膳食纤维降血糖功效可能来自于其对胰岛素分泌的刺激作用,其中口服糖耐量实验中,不溶性膳食纤维总膳食纤维可溶性膳食纤维；从肝糖原检测结果可以得出,膳食纤维降血糖可能来自于其对糖原合成过程的激活,增加了糖原的合成,减少了糖原的异生作用。其结果为,阿卡波糖片不溶性膳食纤维略微总膳食纤维可溶性膳食纤维。体重实验结果表明,膳食纤维还可以适当对糖尿病患者肌肉的过度消耗起到保护作用,可对体重值有稳定效果。其中空白组、可溶性膳食纤维和拜糖平组体重变化类似,不溶性膳食纤维组大鼠体重增加略微快一点。从体内降血糖实验可以得出,膳食纤维体内降血糖可能来自于其对胰岛素的刺激作用,增加胰岛素的敏感性,刺激肝糖原合成,抑制糖原异生,从而达到控制空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白的作用,最终降低糖尿病大鼠的血糖值。 ③体外降血糖,各膳食纤维抑制率的值比较可得,药物拜糖平的抑制活性最高,为65.93%,全膳食纤维相与单一纤维组结果极为接近,为43%左右。单一膳食纤维组中,不溶性膳食纤维组的抑制活性略高于可溶性膳食纤维组,但是两者差别不大。总之,膳食纤维具备降血糖功效,通过比较三种不同的纤维发现不溶性膳食纤维降血糖效果较佳,其降血糖主要机理可能是刺激胰岛素分泌,抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性,激活糖原合成过程,降低空腹血糖及糖化血红蛋白含量。
[Abstract]:In recent years, a sharp rise in the number of patients with diabetes, of which more than 95% for type II diabetes, has become the third largest non infectious disease after cardiovascular disease and cancer, has important significance to find a feasible method for prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus. Dietary fiber has unique physical and chemical properties and other physiological functions, have been reported with hypoglycemic efficacy. Possible mechanisms include the gel fiber itself, increase the body's sensitivity to insulin, increase satiety and inhibit digestive enzymes and increase insulin receptor cells.
This paper induced by nicotinamide streptozotocin to establish the model of type II diabetic rats, through the comparison of different gender, different weight of the SD rats model success rate of mold, the best conditions. On the basis of different dietary fiber including soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and the effect of dietary fiber and Acarbose Tablet on blood glucose in type 2 diabetic rats, and from the glycated hemoglobin, glucose tolerance, liver glycogen and other aspects to analyze the possible mechanism of lowering blood glucose in vivo. In vitro, inhibiting effect of dietary fiber on the comparison of alpha glucosidase, analyzed the possible mechanism of lowering blood glucose of dietary fiber.
Experimental results show that the model rats of type II diabetes the best molding conditions for 220 g male SD rats, weight range and other female rats model was low and unstable. This may be due to 220 g male rats of streptozotocin was more sensitive, and 220 g body weight in rats in the period of youth, the most suitable for modeling.
Study on the effect of dietary fiber on blood glucose in diabetic rats and its mechanism:
(1) influence of blood sugar:
The fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin that dietary fiber can reduce blood glucose levels in diabetic rats, fasting blood glucose in the study, the hypoglycemic effect of insoluble dietary fiber total dietary fiber soluble dietary fiber of acarbose; glycosylated hemoglobin in the study, the decreasing effect of acarbose for insoluble dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber of total diet fiber.
Study of mechanism:
From the oral glucose tolerance and glycosylated hemoglobin test results, we can conclude that the hypoglycemic effect of dietary fiber may come from its stimulating effect on insulin secretion, of which the insoluble dietary fiber, total dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber are the oral glucose tolerance tests.
It can be concluded from the test results of liver glycogen, dietary fiber may lower blood sugar from the activation of glycogen synthesis, increased synthesis of glycogen, reduce the role of glycogen gluconeogenesis. As a result, Acarbose Tablet insoluble dietary fiber total dietary fiber slightly soluble dietary fiber.
The experimental results showed that the body weight, dietary fiber can also be appropriate to excessive consumption on muscle in patients with diabetes mellitus play a protective role, can have a stable effect on body weight. The blank control group, soluble dietary fiber and acarbose group, weight change is similar to that of insoluble dietary fiber in rats body weight increased slightly faster.
From the in vivo experiment, dietary fiber may lower blood sugar the body from the stimulation of insulin, increase insulin sensitivity and stimulate glycogen synthesis, inhibition of gluconeogenesis, so as to achieve the control of FPG and HbA1c, ultimately lowering blood glucose levels in diabetic rats.
(3) in vitro hypoglycemic activity, the inhibition rate of each dietary fiber was relatively acceptable. The inhibitory activity of BB was 65.93%, and the total dietary fiber phase was very close to that of single fiber group, about 43%.
In a dietary fiber group, the inhibitory activity of the insoluble dietary fiber group was slightly higher than that in the soluble dietary fiber group, but the difference was not significant.
In conclusion, dietary fiber has hypoglycemic effect, through the comparison of three different fibers found in insoluble dietary fiber hypoglycemic effect is better, its hypoglycemic mechanism may be the main stimulation of insulin secretion, inhibition of alpha glucosidase activity, activation of the glycogen synthesis process, reduce fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin content.

【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：R-332;R587.1

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