上海市社区老年人常见心理问题现况及其影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 05:06

本文选题：老年人　切入点：心理生理性障碍　出处：《中国全科医学》2017年30期

【摘要】：目的调查上海市社区老年人常见心理问题的现况,并探究其影响因素,为老年人社区心理健康服务提供基础资料。方法 2015-10-15至2015-12-30,采用整群随机抽样方法,在上海市静安区6个居委会中抽取≥60岁的社区老年人600例为调查对象。采用自填问卷为主、当面访问为辅的方法进行问卷调查。调查问卷由筛查部分和功能评估两部分组成,其中筛查部分包括人口学资料(性别、年龄、文化程度、职业性质)、生活习惯和健康状况(吸烟、饮酒、饮茶、运动、业余爱好、饮食习惯、老年期午睡习惯),功能评估部分包括记忆功能障碍自评表(AD8)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、老年抑郁量表(GDS)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)。结果本研究共发放调查问卷600份,回收有效问卷600份,有效回收率100.0%。600例老年人中,记忆功能障碍68例(11.3%),焦虑56例(9.3%),抑郁65例(10.8%)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、年龄、文化程度、职业性质、饮茶、运动、业余爱好、饮食习惯(素食为主)、老年期午睡习惯、SSRS总分、主观支持维度得分、日常生活能力明显障碍、日常生活能力不同程度下降是老年人记忆功能障碍的影响因素(P0.05)。性别、年龄、文化程度、职业性质、运动、业余爱好、饮食习惯、老年期午睡习惯、SSRS总分、主观支持维度得分、客观支持维度得分、日常生活能力明显障碍、日常生活能力不同程度下降是老年人焦虑的影响因素(P0.05)。性别、年龄、文化程度、职业性质、运动、业余爱好、饮食习惯、老年期午睡习惯、SSRS总分、主观支持维度得分、客观支持维度得分、对支持的利用维度得分、日常生活能力明显障碍、日常生活能力不同程度下降是老年人抑郁的影响因素(P0.05)。结论上海市静安区社区老年人心理问题中,记忆功能障碍、焦虑、抑郁发生率分别为11.3%、9.3%、10.8%,这些心理问题发生与不良的生活方式有关,因此应鼓励老年人培养正确健康的生活方式,适当增加体育运动、饮茶、午睡,保持日常生活劳动是老年人保持健康、预防心理疾病最基本的措施,可促进健康老龄化。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the prevalence of common psychological problems among the elderly in community in Shanghai, and to explore the influencing factors, and to provide basic data for the community mental health services of the elderly. Methods from 2015-10-15 to 2015-12-30, cluster random sampling was used. 600 elderly people aged more than 60 years were selected from 6 neighborhood committees in Jing'an District of Shanghai. The questionnaire was conducted by self-filling questionnaire, supplemented by in-person interview. The questionnaire was composed of two parts: screening part and function evaluation part. The screening section includes demographic data (sex, age, education, occupation, lifestyle and health status) (smoking, drinking, tea drinking, exercise, hobbies, eating habits, etc.). The functional evaluation included AD8, SAS, GDSs, SSRS, ADL and ADL. Results 600 questionnaires were distributed in this study. Six hundred valid questionnaires were collected, and the effective recovery rate was 100.0.600 elderly patients, 68 patients with memory dysfunction, 56 patients with anxiety, 65 patients with depression and 10.8.The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that sex, age, education, professional nature, tea drinking, exercise, and so on. Hobbies, eating habits (vegetarian diet, elderly napping habits, total score of SSRS, subjective support dimension score, significant impairment of daily life ability, decline of daily life ability are the influencing factors of memory dysfunction in the elderly P0.05. gender, P < 0.05, P < 0.05). Age, education, occupation, sports, hobbies, eating habits, elderly nap habits, total score of SSRS, score of subjective support dimension, objective support dimension score, significant impairment of daily life ability, The decrease of daily living ability was the influencing factor of anxiety in the elderly (P 0.05). Gender, age, education, occupation, sports, hobbies, eating habits, elderly napping habits, total score of SSRS, subjective support dimension scores. The score of objective support dimension, the score of utilization dimension of support, the obvious obstacle of daily life ability, and the decline of daily life ability are the influencing factors of depression in the elderly people (P 0.05). Conclusion in the community of Jing'an District, Shanghai, the psychological problems of the elderly are significant. The incidence of memory dysfunction, anxiety and depression were 11.39.3and 10.8, respectively. These psychological problems were related to poor lifestyle. Therefore, the elderly should be encouraged to develop a correct and healthy lifestyle and increase sports, tea and naps. Maintenance of daily life is the most basic measure for the elderly to keep healthy and prevent mental illness, which can promote healthy aging.
【作者单位】：上海市静安区精神卫生中心;
【基金】：2014年上海市卫生和计划生育委员会青年课题(20144Y0188) 2014年上海市残联系统康复人才培养课题 2014年上海市静安区卫生和计划生育委员会第三批十百千专业技术骨干课题
【分类号】：R395

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