人脑薄束核的三维解剖研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 01:37

本文选题：薄束核　切入点：Canny边缘检测法　出处：《杭州师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：从找到人类大脑脑立体定位的方法后,人类脑神经科学的研究开始发展,并应用于临床疾病治疗。人类对脑内神经核团的研究,从苍白球、丘脑腹外侧核到杏仁核、豆状核、尾状核,研究越来越深入。脑干是众多神经核团的位置所在,但目前对于各个神经核团的三维形态、立体结构、体积大小,都知之甚少。本研究作为脑干神经核团研究的起步,探索薄束核的三维形态与位置。采用两例中国成年男性的脑干样本,依据各种切片方法不同的优缺点,三维重建需要连续切片,故选择石蜡切片方法制作切片。把脑干标本分块,设置好定位点,依次做好标记,制成蜡块,进行切片。脑神经组织的染色方法有多种,本研究采用焦油紫染色。把用焦油紫染色染好的片子,放到正置显微镜下,每张都按照定位点拍好。下一步进行图像校正,其目的是为后来的图像分割做好准备。图像分割是提取感兴趣的信息,计算机三维重建的必经过程。本研究采用自动分割与与手工分割相结合来进行图像像分割。自动分割的方法很多,本研究采用的是Canny边缘检测法,进行薄束核的自动分割。然后开始薄束核的三维重建。三维重建的方法,有面重建和体重建两种,比较两种方法的优缺点后,选择是面向密集数据场的面重建方法,进行薄束核的三维重建。现有的核团三维指标的测量与统计方法存在缺陷,本研究采用了形状平均-测量平均的三维指标,对薄束核进行了测量与统计。经以上研究过程,本研究得出三项研究结果,①得到了薄束核的三维模型,可以以任意角度进行观察,用任意方位进行切割分析,可以在计算机直观、形象、逼真地展示薄束核三维形态和三维位置。②得到了薄束核的三维指标的数据,表明薄束核是左右两侧对称的不规则核团,右侧比左侧稍大：右侧薄束核长度8.659mm、宽度5.842mm、高度4.897mm,体积67.80mm3。左侧薄束核长度是8.411mm、宽度4.250mm、高度3.560mm,体积51.36mm3。③得出了连续的、核团界限较清晰的、结构展示较完整的脑干延髓的断层图谱。
[Abstract]:The research of human brain neuroscience began to develop after finding the method of brain stereotaxic localization and applied to the treatment of clinical diseases.Human studies on the nucleus of the brain from the globus pallidus ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus to amygdala lentiform nucleus caudate nucleus are getting more and more in-depth.The brain stem is the location of many nerve nuclei, but little is known about the three-dimensional shape, structure and volume of each nerve nucleus.As a starting point in the study of brainstem nuclei, this study explores the three-dimensional morphology and location of the thin bundles.According to the different advantages and disadvantages of different slice methods, two brain stem samples from adult Chinese males were selected to be made by paraffin section method.The brain stem specimen is divided into pieces, fixed the location point, marked in turn, made into wax block and sliced.There are many methods of brain nerve tissue staining. Tar violet staining is used in this study.Put the tar-stained film under a positive microscope, and take each one according to the location.The next step of image correction is to prepare for subsequent image segmentation.Image segmentation is a necessary process for extracting interesting information and computer 3D reconstruction.In this study, automatic segmentation and manual segmentation are combined to carry out image segmentation.There are many methods for automatic segmentation. In this study, Canny edge detection method is used for automatic segmentation of thin beam cores.Then the three-dimensional reconstruction of the thin beam nucleus begins.After comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods, the surface reconstruction method for dense data field is selected to carry out 3D reconstruction of thin beam nucleus.There are some defects in the existing methods of measuring and statistics of three dimensional nuclear parameters. In this study, the shape averaging and measuring average three dimensional indexes are used to measure and count the thin beam nuclei.Through the above research process, we have obtained three results: 1. The three-dimensional model of thin beam nucleus can be observed at any angle, cut and analyzed with any orientation, and can be visualized and visualized in computer.The three-dimensional shape and position of the thin beam nucleus are shown vividly. 2. The data of the three-dimensional index of the thin beam nucleus are obtained, which indicates that the thin beam nucleus is a symmetrical irregular nucleus on both sides of the left and right.The right side is slightly larger than the left side: the right thin bundle nucleus is 8.659mm in length, 5.842mm in width, 4.897mm in height and 67.80mm3mm in volume.The length of the left thin nucleus is 8.411mm, the width is 4.250mm, and the height is 3.560mm. The volume 51.36mm3.3 has obtained a continuous, clear boundary of nuclei and a complete structure of the tomograms of the medulla oblongata of the brain stem.
【学位授予单位】：杭州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R322

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