数字人全身分割数据集的建立及人体胸腔与盆腔的数字化研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 03:08

本文选题：数字 + 全身　；参考：《第三军医大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：研究背景和目的分割为创建三维模型很必要的一步。为了建立整个人体所有结构的三维模型，以便于后期的广泛应用，我们选择中国数字化人体(CVH)数据集进行分割。分割结构越详细，能提供的后期应用就越有潜力，其中包括人体局部和断面解剖学研究，，解剖教育和医学模拟等等。本博士课题后期的实验研究都建立在分割数据集基础上的。上纵隔解剖结构和它们的空间毗邻关系较为复杂，难以掌握。虽然CT图像对人体损伤较小，能够被用于多个方面，但软组织清晰度和分辨率较差。CVH图像分辨率较高，断面解剖图像显示的颜色都为器官组织本身自然的颜色，因此，CVH图像可以做为CT图像的一个补充。我们选择CT图像和CVH薄层断面解剖图像上的上纵隔结构进行对照研究，对上纵隔疾病的诊断提供有效的形态学参考。人体盆腔因其位置深在、可及性有限，人们对盆腔解剖的认识有一定限度。其中肛提肌、尿道括约肌复合体、肛门括约肌复合体和会阴中心体等结构形态及其毗邻关系仍然需要去研究和了解。而且，盆腔脏器解剖形态及其毗邻关系仍然不大清楚。由于人体解剖结构随年龄变化而变化，本研究中，我们打算使用6例CVH年轻人盆腔断面解剖图像，对其盆腔结构进行分割和三维重建，建立详细的人体盆腔局解模型。研究主要结果和结论显示如下：经过我们使用PHOTOSHOP等软件的半自动分割，完成了CVH男性的869个结构和CVH女性的860个结构的数据分割，分割文件格式为PSD和PNG，分割区域内填充不同的RGB颜色。在这些分割结构中，所有的肌肉结构都包括其肌腹和肌腱部分，中空器官包括器官壁和器官腔。大部分神经干、小动脉、淋巴结和淋巴管道也被分割。通过使用分割数据集，可以创建很多面绘制和体绘制器官模型。CVH男性和女性都能够代表正常的亚洲成年人体型。使用分割数据集创建的三维重建模型，可建立带有物理学和生理学信息的三维物理或生理模型，有助于促进中国医学和生物医学发展。我们使用CVH男性数据，其标本年龄为35岁，和一个45岁无器质性损伤的男性CT平片和增强CT图像进行了对照研究。另外，我们基于CVH断面图像和其分割数据和该CT数据集，对人体上纵膈结构进行了三维重建，并进行对照观察研究。CVH三维面绘制和体绘制重建模型有助于医学生和低年制胸外科医师熟悉上纵隔的解剖结构和它们之间的毗邻关系，进行解释病人CT图像，为上纵隔的影像资料提供形态学参考。在基于数字人分割数据集的基础上，我们使用了3D-DOCTOR和AMIRA软件，对男性盆腔脏器：包括直肠、膀胱、男性尿道、输尿管、精囊腺、输精管、射精管、闭孔内肌、肛提肌、尾骨肌、男性骨盆骨、股骨、前列腺静脉丛、尿道括约肌、会阴中心体、尿道旁腺、盆腔动脉和静脉的边界轮廓进行了提取，然后行面绘制三维重建，结构可以单独和交互显示。联合AMIRA软件，男性泌尿器官面绘制三维重建模型和其体绘制三维重建的毗邻结构都能够得到清晰而正确的显示。本研究发现会阴深横肌并不存在，所谓的会阴深横肌其实就是尿道括约肌下部。该三维重建模型能够给医学生和年轻的泌尿外科医师后期进行男性盆腔虚拟解剖和虚拟外科手术。在基于数字人女性分割数据集的基础上，我们对四个CVH年轻女性盆腔的大部分解剖结构被分割和三维重建。我们发现：肛提肌主要分为耻骨直肠肌和髂骨尾骨肌，髂骨尾骨肌分为内外两层，内层向下连接联合纵肌，向内连接直肠尾骨肌。肛门外括约肌主要分为皮下部和浅部。肛门外括约肌深部其实和直肠尾骨肌为一块肌肉。尿道括约肌下部包括尿道压肌和尿道阴道括约肌，尿道压肌直接连接到了肛提肌。我们没有发现会阴深横肌，所谓的会阴深横肌其实为尿道括约肌下部，其包括尿道压肌和尿道阴道括约肌。会阴中心体位于阴道后方，球海绵体肌和巴氏腺内侧，会阴浅横肌、球海绵体肌和肛门括约肌的前方。
[Abstract]:Background and purpose of the study

In order to establish a three - dimensional model of all the structures of the whole human body , we choose the Chinese Digital Human Body ( CVH ) dataset to be segmented . The more detailed the segmentation structure , the more potential the later application can be provided , including local and cross - sectional anatomy , anatomical education and medical simulation .

Although CT images have little damage to human body , it is difficult to grasp . Although CT images have less damage to human body , they can be used in many aspects , but soft tissue definition and resolution are poor . The CVH images can be used as a complement to CT images .

The pelvic cavity anatomy and its adjacent relation still need to be studied and understood because of its deep position and limited ability . The anatomical morphology and its adjacent relationship between the anal sphincter , the urethral sphincter complex , the anal sphincter complex and the central body of the epidendal still need to be studied and understood .

The main findings and conclusions of the study are shown below :

By using semi - automatic segmentation of software such as PHOTOSHOP , the data partitioning of 860 structures of CVH male and 860 structures of CVH women were completed . The file formats were PSD and PNG , and different RGB colors were filled in the segmented regions . Most nerve stem , arterioles , lymph nodes and lymphatic channels were segmented . Most of the nerve stem , arterioles , lymph nodes and lymphatic channels were segmented .

We use CVH male data , its specimen age is 35 years old , and a 45 - year - old male CT plain film and enhanced CT image for control study . In addition , we performed three - dimensional reconstruction of mediastinal structure on human body based on CVH section image and its segmentation data and CT data set .

On the basis of the data set based on the digital man , we used 3D - DOPA and AMIRA software to extract the male pelvic viscera : including rectum , bladder , male urethra , ureter , seminal vesicle gland , vasectomy , ulatory duct , obturator internus muscle , levator ani muscle , posterior urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur ,

On the basis of the data set of digital human female segmentation , we divided and three - dimensional reconstruction of the most anatomical structures of four CVH young female pelvic cavities .

【学位授予单位】：第三军医大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R322

【参考文献】