应用高通量测序分析母婴皮肤细菌群落多样性

发布时间：2018-06-01 11:33

本文选题：应用 + 高通　；参考：《复旦大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：皮肤表面的微生物扮演了一个非常特殊的角色。它们覆盖在皮肤表面并依靠人体细胞分泌的营养物质生长繁殖,而微生物反过来会作用于人体皮肤的日常生理代谢；同时,外界环境的变化也会对它们产生一定影响。不同皮肤部位的生理状态差异形成了不同部位皮肤微生物种属特点。在过去几十年基于培养方法的研究为皮肤微生物奠定了一定的基础。由于皮肤表面属于相对缺水的环境,因此微生物多以革兰氏阳性菌为主,在一些相对潮湿的部位会有少量革兰氏阴性细菌存在。近几年,许多研究利用细菌16S rRNA基因分析对了皮肤总微生物进行了分类鉴定,除了进一步确认并补充了通过培养方法所得的皮肤核心微生物组成以外,从皮肤微环境宏观的角度对皮肤环境和微生物多样性相互作用有了更深一步的认识。相对于其他的生态环境,如土壤,海洋,皮肤微生物多样性较低,且一些主要微生物种类所占比例较高,稳定存在,说明这些微生物在皮肤代谢上扮演了相当重要的作用。本课题通过了焦磷酸测序法研究了母亲和婴儿各个皮肤部位的微生物类群,并通过多样性分析,聚类分析等生物信息学分析方法探究了以下几个问题：1)人体皮肤干性,油性,湿润部位的微生物群落差异；2)母亲婴儿主要皮肤微生物；3)婴儿的天然携带菌群与环境因素的联系；4)母婴之间的微生物群落和母婴间菌群的相关性。通过分析结果并结合过去相关的研究,初步确定不同皮肤部位的主要微生物类群和他们的作用。母婴皮肤微生物主要分布在Actinobacteria(放线菌门),Firmicutes(厚壁菌门),Proteobacteria(变形菌门)和Bacteroidetes(拟杆菌门)。两者核心微生物的种类类似,但是微生物丰度差别很大,其他常驻微生物种类也存在区别。Propionibacterium(丙酸杆菌)在母亲各个部位的丰度明显高于婴儿,它和油脂分泌呈正相关。婴儿皮肤表面主要为Streptococcus和Staphylococcus,且剖腹产婴儿的Staphylococcus含量显著高于顺产婴儿。同一对婴儿和母亲的微生物种类比较类似,但是婴儿的微生物群落结构与母亲差异较大,反而是所有的婴儿更为相近。婴儿异于母亲的主要微生物类群大多都是常见的口腔微生物,说明了人体初期皮肤微生物的来源可能是口腔。
[Abstract]:Microbes on the surface of the skin play a very special role. They cover the skin surface and rely on the nutrients secreted by human cells to grow and reproduce, and the microbes in turn affect the daily physiological metabolism of human skin. At the same time, the changes of the external environment will also have a certain impact on them. The difference of physiological state of different skin parts formed the characteristics of microorganism species in different parts of skin. In the past few decades, the research based on culture methods has laid a foundation for skin microbes. Because the skin surface belongs to the environment of relative lack of water, the microbes are mainly Gram-positive bacteria, and a small amount of Gram-negative bacteria can be found in some relatively humid parts. In recent years, many studies have used the 16s rRNA gene analysis of bacteria to classify and identify the total microbes in skin, in addition to further identifying and supplementing the composition of the core microbes of skin obtained by the method of culture. The interaction between skin environment and microbial diversity has been further understood from the macro point of view of skin microenvironment. Compared with other ecological environment, such as soil, ocean, skin microorganism diversity is low, and some major microbial species account for a higher proportion, stable existence, indicating that these microorganisms play a very important role in skin metabolism. In this paper, we studied the microbes in different skin parts of mother and baby by pyrosequencing method, and explored the following questions: 1) dryness and oiliness of human skin by using bioinformatics methods such as diversity analysis, cluster analysis and other bioinformatics methods. (2) the relationship between the natural carrier bacteria and environmental factors in the mother's infant (2) the relationship between the natural carrier bacteria and environmental factors (4) the relationship between the microbial community of mother and infant and between mother and child. By analyzing the results and combining with previous studies, the main microbial groups and their roles in different skin regions were preliminarily identified. The skin microbes of mother and infant are mainly distributed in Actinobacteria (Actinobacteria) and Bacteroidetes. The species of core microbes were similar, but the abundance of other resident microbes was different. Propionibacterium propionibacterium (Propionibacterium) was more abundant in all parts of mother than in infants, which was positively correlated with lipid secretion. The skin surface of infants was mainly Streptococcus and Staphylococcus, and the content of Staphylococcus in caesarean delivery was significantly higher than that in normal infants. The microorganism species of the same pair of infants and mothers were similar, but the microbial community structure of infants was different from that of mothers, but all infants were closer to each other. Most of the main microbial groups of infants different from their mothers are common oral microbes, which suggests that the origin of skin microbes in early human body may be oral cavity.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R392

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