河南省永城市中华按蚊生态习性及飞行距离研究

发布时间：2018-06-18 09:17

本文选题：赫坎按蚊复合体 + 中华按蚊　；参考：《中国疾病预防控制中心》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：目的(1)在我国中部间日疟疫情不稳定地区的代表地区河南省永城市,采用现场媒介调查和实验室分子生物学技术,研究中华按蚊的孳生习性及相关影响因素,探讨孳生习性改变情况；(2)采用现场媒介调查和实验室分子生物学技术,研究中华按蚊的吸血习性和夜间活动规律；(3)研究中华按蚊的栖息习性,探讨栖息与吸血活动关系；(4)研究中华按蚊的飞行距离及相关影响因素,为我国消除疟疾中华按蚊应急控制范围提供参考数据。方法(1)选取永城市间日疟高、中、低发病率乡／镇各1个,每个乡／镇随机抽取2个自然村,采用横断面研究方法,研究中华按蚊的孳生习性及相关影响因素；(2)选择间日疟高、中、低发病率的3个自然村,利用“拉丁方设计”的现场研究和“多重PCR技术”的实验室检测相结合,研究中华按蚊的吸血习性,与同类地区文献报道进行对比,分析该蚊吸血习性的变化情况；(3)在高、中发病率乡／镇选择有代表性的3个自然村,利用“搜捕法”、“窗阱法”和“黑箱法”,“自然捕获”和“荧光标记释放”两种来源试虫,研究该蚊的栖息习性；(4)采用“标记-释放-重捕”技术,在高、中发病率乡／镇各选取1个自然村,利用“野外捕获”和“实验室饲养”子一代中华按蚊两种来源试虫,研究中华按蚊的飞行距离；利用诱蚊灯重捕后进行荧光检测。结果(1)中华按蚊幼虫孳生地主要为户外的各种大、中型水体,水深介于0.5-1.0米之间,大多数孳生水体中的化学耗氧量、氨氮和硫酸盐含量较低。(2)中华按蚊为永城市单一的传疟媒介。不同宿主诱捕中华按蚊的丰度不同(P0.01)。中华按蚊对不同宿主嗜吸高低顺位为：猪、羊、牛、狗、人和鸡。不同村庄、不同夜晚该蚊对不同宿主嗜吸高低顺位趋于一致。中华按蚊人血指数为2.94%。该蚊夜间户外主要活动高峰为19：00-21：00,小高峰为4：00-5：00。王善庄村中华按蚊密度与同期平均相对湿度成正相关关系(P0.05)。(3)“搜捕法”和“黑箱法”研究发现,猪圈、羊圈和牛棚为中华按蚊户内主要栖息场所；桥洞缝隙、茅厕顶部、草丛、柴草垛为户外主要栖息场所。十八里镇陈土楼村“窗阱法”研究发现,窗阱内仅捕获中华按蚊5只；侯岭乡任湖村研究发现,窗阱内共捕获中华按蚊26只,外栖比例仅11.8%；研究期内中华按蚊偏向室内栖息。(4)2010年,中华按蚊重捕获率为0.83%(95%CI,0.50%-1.16%),最远飞行距离为400米,80%的中华按蚊重捕获自距离释放点100米半径内；2011年该蚊重捕获率为1.33%(95%CI,0.92%-1.74%),最远飞行距离为300米,90%重捕获自距离释放点100米半径内。结论(1)在以中华按蚊为主要传疟媒介的间日疟流行区,为有效地开展中华按蚊幼虫控制,应重点针对该蚊偏好的水体类型、水体深度、化学耗氧量、氨氮和硫酸盐含量等指标采取干预措施。(2)在现场环境中,中华按蚊嗜吸猪、羊、牛等家养动物血,不嗜吸人血。该蚊夜间活动高峰为19：00-21：00。建议在以中华按蚊为传疟媒介的间日疟流行区,应在人和家养动物密切接触生境,于夜晚入睡前开展消杀工作。(3)在秋季,中华按蚊偏向户内栖息。在该时期内,通过采取针对主要栖息场所的、室内滞留喷洒为主的中华按蚊防控措施,具有较高的成本—效益。(4)本研究为国内首次应用“标记-释放-重捕”技术,在现场真实的环境中,进行中华按蚊飞行距离研究。中华按蚊重捕获率较低,最远飞行距离400米,且绝大多数在距离释放点100米半径范围内重捕获。因此,在我国消除疟疾的关键时期,当某处发现疟疾病例时,中华按蚊应急消杀的范围应以该病例所处位置为圆心,周围400米为半径；其中,病例周围100米半径内为处理核心区。
[Abstract]:Objective (1) to study the breeding habits and related factors of Anopheles sinensis by field media investigation and laboratory molecular biology technology in Yongcheng, Henan Province, which is the representative area of the unstable region of the middle part of the malaria epidemic area in the middle of China. (2) the field media investigation and laboratory molecular biology technology are used. Study the habit of blood sucking and nocturnal activity of Anopheles sinensis; (3) study the habitability of Anopheles sinensis, explore the relationship between inhabitation and blood absorption, and (4) study the flight distance and related factors of Anopheles sinensis, and provide reference data for eliminating the emergency control range of Anopheles sinensis in China.
Methods (1) selected Yongcheng city with high, middle, low incidence of 1 township / town, each township / town, randomly selected 2 natural villages, using cross-sectional study methods to study the breeding habits of Anopheles sinensis and related factors; (2) select the high, middle, low incidence of 3 natural villages, using the "Latin square design" field research and " Combined with the laboratory test of multiple PCR technology, the blood sucking habit of Anopheles sinensis was studied. The blood sucking habits of the mosquito was compared with that of the same area. (3) 3 natural villages were selected in the high and middle incidence township / town, using the "search and capture method", "window well method" and "black box method", "natural capture". "" and "fluorescent labeling release" two sources of insect pests, study the habitability of the mosquito, (4) the use of "label release - re capture" technology, in the high, middle incidence of the township / town of the selection of 1 natural villages, using the "field capture" and "Laboratory breeding" a generation of Anopheles sinensis, two species of Anopheles sinensis, study the flying distance of Anopheles sinensis; Fluorescence detection was carried out after the trap lamp was caught.
Results (1) the larvae breeding ground of Anopheles sinensis is mainly a variety of large outdoor, medium water bodies, water depth is between 0.5-1.0 meters, the chemical oxygen consumption of most breeding water, ammonia nitrogen and sulfate content is low. (2) Anopheles sinensis is the single vector of malaria transmission in Yongcheng city. The abundances of Anopheles sinensis by different hosts are different (P0.01). Anopheles sinensis The hogs, sheep, cattle, dogs, dogs, people and chickens in different hosts are the same in different villages. At different nights, the mosquitoes tend to agree on the high and low uptake of different hosts. The human blood index of Anopheles sinensis is 2.94%., the peak of the main activity at night is 19:00-21:00, and the small peak is the Anopheles sinensis density in the village of 4:00-5: 0 and the average of the Anopheles sinensis at the same period. Relative humidity has a positive correlation (P0.05). (3) the study of "search and capture" and "black box" found that piggery, sheep circle and cowshed are the main inhabiting places of Anopheles sinensis indoors, the gap in the bridge, the top of the latrine, the grass and the hay stacks are the main inhabiting places. The study of "window well method" in Chen Lou village of eighteen Li Town found that the window well only captured China. 5 Anopheles and 5 Anopheles sinensis village in Hou Ling Township found 26 Anopheles sinensis in the window trap, only 11.8% of the Anopheles sinensis was caught in the study period. (4) in 2010, the Anopheles sinensis's heavy capture rate was 0.83% (95%CI, 0.50%-1.16%), the farthest flight distance was 400 meters, and 80% of the Anopheles sinensis was trapped in the radius of 100 meters from the distance release point. In 2011, the mosquito catch rate was 1.33% (95%CI, 0.92%-1.74%), the farthest flight distance was 300 meters, and the 90% capture was within 100 meters radius of the distance release point.
Conclusion (1) in order to effectively control the larvae of Anopheles sinensis with Anopheles sinensis as the main transmission vector of Anopheles sinensis, in order to effectively control the Anopheles sinensis larvae, we should focus on the water type, water depth, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen and sulfate content. (2) in the field environment, Anopheles sinensis sucking to pigs, sheep and cattle. The peak of the night activity of the mosquito is 19:00-21:00.. The peak of the night activity of the mosquito is that the Anopheles sinensis is used as the malaria vector of Anopheles sinensis in the epidemic area of the Plasmodium vivax. In the autumn, the Anopheles sinensis should be inhabited indoors in the autumn. (3) in the autumn, the Anopheles sinensis will live in the indoor habitat. The prevention and control measures of Anopheles sinensis in the resting place and indoor detained spraying have high cost and benefit. (4) this study is the first application of "label release heavy arrest" technology in the country to study the flying distance of Anopheles sinensis in the real environment. The rate of the Anopheles sinensis's heavy capture is low, the farthest flight distance is 400 meters, and the vast majority of the Anopheles sinensis In the critical period of the 100 meter radius of the distance release point, in the critical period of eliminating malaria in our country, when malaria cases were found somewhere, the range of the Anopheles sinensis emergency killing should be in the center of the case and the radius of the surrounding 400 meters; of which, the radius of the 100 meter radius around the case is the core area.
【学位授予单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R384.1

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