外泌体在疾病诊治作用中的研究进展

发布时间：2018-06-18 14:03

  本文选题：外泌体 + 肿瘤免疫　； 参考：《山东医药》2016年25期

【摘要】：外泌体(Exosomes)是囊泡转运的主要组成部分之一,囊泡转运对于细胞发挥多种功能活动起重要作用。释放至细胞外面的Exosomes参与一系列生物过程,如免疫应答、凋亡、血管生成、炎症反应、凝结过程、肿瘤转移、动脉硬化、抗原提呈和治疗受损器官等。诸多研究表明,不同细胞来源的Exosomes,通常含有相同的一套蛋白质来调节膜骨架的动态性及膜融合;另外,Exosomes中还包含核酸物质,统称为eRNA,Exosomes的生物学功能通过其携带蛋白质和miRNA等到达受体细胞而发挥调控作用。Exosomes可由树突状细胞、血小板、肥大细胞、内皮细胞间充质干细胞和肿瘤细胞等不同细胞类型分泌,并可在多数体液如外周血、尿液、唾液、羊水、乳汁、脑脊液、支气管肺泡灌洗液等体液中检测到。诸多研究表明Exosomes携带的mRNA、miRNA和蛋白质在疾病发生发展过程中会发生明显变化,可作为疾病诊断的理想标记物。在Exosomes治疗疾病研究方面,目前比较关注的是骨髓间充质干细胞和树突状细胞来源Exosomes的治疗作用。
[Abstract]:Exocrine exosomes is one of the major components of vesicle transport. Vesicle transport plays an important role in the function of cells. Exosomes released outside cells are involved in a series of biological processes, such as immune response, apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, coagulation, tumor metastasis, arteriosclerosis, antigen presentation and treatment of damaged organs. Many studies have shown that exosomes from different cell sources usually contain the same set of proteins to regulate the dynamics and membrane fusion of membrane cytoskeleton, and exosomes also contain nucleic acids. The biological function of eRNA-exosomes can be regulated by carrying proteins and miRNA to the recipient cells. Exosomes can be secreted by different cell types, such as dendritic cells, platelets, mast cells, endothelial mesenchymal stem cells and tumor cells. It can be detected in most fluids such as peripheral blood, urine, saliva, amniotic fluid, milk, cerebrospinal fluid, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and so on. Many studies have shown that the mRNA-miRNA and protein carried by exosomes can change obviously during the process of disease development and can be used as ideal markers for disease diagnosis. In the research of exosomes, the therapeutic effect of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and dendritic cells is concerned.
【作者单位】： 广州医科大学附属第四附医院;
【基金】：广州市属高校科研项目(1201430440)
【分类号】：R363
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本文编号：2035730