胎鼠盆底肌胚胎解剖结构的研究

发布时间：2018-08-04 17:16

【摘要】：盆底肌,即盆底肌肉,是指封闭骨盆底的肌肉群。这一肌肉群维持盆腔器官正常位置以便行使其功能。然而目前对于盆底肌结构、各肌肉分界及胚胎发育来源等问题仍存在争议。诸多文献[1-4]中提出如果对盆底肌胚胎结构演变过程进一步探讨,将有助于其复杂结构的理解。对盆底肌胚胎形成过程的了解,将是对其解剖结构、功能进一步探索的基石。因此本文应用Wistar胎鼠为研究对象,以Myogenin作为胚胎期骨骼肌肌前体的标志物研究发育中的横纹肌肌元素,连续动态观察Wistar大鼠胚胎期盆底骨骼肌的结构变化过程,应用免疫组化染色Myogenin蛋白在大鼠胚胎盆底骨骼肌发生过程中的表达情况;以α-平滑肌肌动蛋白作为胚胎期肠道平滑肌的特异性标志物探测发育中的平滑肌肌元素,应用免疫组化染色方法研究α-SMA蛋白在大鼠胚胎原始肛门内括约肌发生过程中的表达情况;探讨大鼠盆底肌的胚胎期结构及形态发生发育过程。研究发现:(1)在盆底横纹肌复合体发生区,在E15以前,未发现Myogenin阳性细胞。E15时,在球海绵体肌前体的背侧方、尾沟的头腹侧方,观察到零星的Myogenin阳性细胞。E16时,横纹肌复合体呈现出纤维样结构,并自腹侧球海绵体肌向背侧包绕直肠末端。E18时,肌结构增粗。至胚胎末期(E21),横纹肌复合体延其演变方式继续发育;(2)在E16时,未观察到肛门外括约肌发生的位置有Myogenin阳性细胞。E17时,在冠状面上,可见在横纹肌复合体的内下方少许散在的Myogenin阳性细胞,为肛门外括约肌的肌前体细胞。E18时,Myogenin阳性细胞群面积略增大,略向头侧移位。E21时,以肛门内括约肌止点为中心,肛门外括约肌肌束组成呈放射状分布于其尾侧方,肌束间有结缔组织间隔;(3)在E13,E14时,未在原始直肠肛管壁内发现α-SMA阳性细胞。在E15时,在原始直肠肛管的壁内开始出现α-SMA阳性细胞构成的环肌层,其末端轻微膨大;即肛门内括约肌的始基。E16,E17, E18至E21的胎鼠,直肠肛管壁内的α-SMA阳性的平滑肌细胞界限更加清晰,末端逐渐膨大。
[Abstract]:Pelvic floor muscles, or pelvic floor muscles, are muscles that block the pelvic floor. This muscle group maintains the normal position of the pelvic organs in order to perform their functions. However, the structure of pelvic floor muscle, the muscle boundary and the origin of embryo development are still controversial. In many references [1-4], it is suggested that further study on the evolution of the embryonic structure of pelvic floor muscle will contribute to the understanding of the complex structure of pelvic floor muscle. Understanding the embryogenesis process of pelvic floor muscle will be the cornerstone of further exploration of its anatomical structure and function. In this paper, Wistar fetal mice were used as research objects, Myogenin was used as a marker of skeletal muscle precursor in embryonic stage to study the element of striated muscle in development, and the structural changes of pelvic floor skeletal muscle in embryonic Wistar rats were observed continuously and dynamically. The expression of Myogenin protein in the skeletal muscle of rat embryonic pelvic floor was studied by immunohistochemical staining, and 伪 -smooth muscle actin was used as a specific marker of intestinal smooth muscle in embryonic stage to detect the elements of developing smooth muscle. The expression of 伪 -SMA protein in the primary anal sphincter of rat embryo was studied by immunohistochemical staining, and the embryonic structure and morphogenesis of the pelvic floor muscle were studied. The results were as follows: (1) in the area of pelvic floor rhabdomyosome complex, no Myogenin positive cells were found before E15. E15 was observed at the dorsal side of the bulbous cavernous muscle precursor and the ventral part of the caudal sulcus, and sporadic Myogenin positive cells. E16 were observed. The rhabdomyosome presented a fibrous structure, and the muscle structure was thicker when the ventral bulbocavernosus muscle was wrapped around the rectum end of rectum from the ventral bulbocavernosus muscle to the dorsal side. At the end of the embryo (E21), the rhabdomydomyosome continued to develop in its developmental pattern. (2) at E16, no Myogenin positive cells were observed in the external anal sphincter. E17 was found on the coronal plane. There were a few Myogenin positive cells scattered in the lower part of the rhabdomyosome, and the area of the myogenin positive cell group increased slightly when E18 was the precursor cell of the external anal sphincter, and the center was at the end of the internal anal sphincter when the positive cells were slightly shifted to the head. The composition of the external anal sphincter muscle bundle was radially distributed in the caudal side with connective tissue septum between the fascicles. (3) at E13 / E14, 伪 -SMA positive cells were not found in the primary anal canal wall. At E15, a circular muscular layer consisting of 伪 -SMA positive cells began to appear in the wall of the primitive rectum anal canal, the end of which was slightly enlarged; that is, the primordium of the internal anal sphincter. E16, E17, E18 to E21. The boundary of 伪 -SMA positive smooth muscle cells in the anal wall of rectum was more clear, and the end of the smooth muscle cells gradually expanded.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：R322

【共引文献】