山羊呼吸道相关淋巴组织及鼻腔吸收灭活病毒的形态学研究

发布时间：2018-08-13 08:43

【摘要】：本文以山羊呼吸道相关淋巴组织为研究对象,运用组织学光镜和电镜制片技术以及免疫组织化学技术对山羊呼吸道相关淋巴组织的形态学特点、抗体分泌细胞的分布以及CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞的分布进行了详细研究,同时还研究了胆酸钠对山羊鼻腔相关扁桃体黏膜上皮吸收灭活病毒的影响,取得的结果如下： 1.山羊呼吸道相关淋巴组织的一般组织学特点应用组织学方法观察山羊呼吸道相关淋巴组织的组织结构。结果显示,位于鼻咽通道的咽扁桃体和咽鼓管扁桃体的黏膜上皮层次较少,部分区域只有单层扁平细胞,相邻上皮细胞间的空隙很大,上皮细胞之间和黏膜上皮下方固有层内有大量淋巴细胞浸润。位于口咽通道的软腭扁桃体的黏膜上皮为复层鳞状上皮,上皮向黏膜内凹陷形成许多隐窝。扁桃体的实质部分由数个次级淋巴小结和弥散淋巴组织构成,同时在弥散淋巴组织中可以观察到大量分布的淋巴管和毛细血管后微静脉。气管和气管叉的黏膜上皮下方有少量淋巴细胞浸润,肺内气管和细支气管的黏膜固有层中有较多淋巴细胞分布。本试验结果提示山羊呼吸道相关淋巴组织的形态学特点有利于抗原的吸收和诱导局部免疫反应,尤其是山羊的咽扁桃体和咽鼓管扁桃体可以作为鼻腔免疫的主要诱导位点和效应部位。 2.山羊呼吸道IgA和IgG分泌细胞的分布应用免疫组织化学技术研究山羊呼吸道中IgA和IgG分泌细胞的变化。结果表明：在扁桃体中,IgA和IgG分泌细胞主要分布于黏膜上皮下方；在气管中,IgA和IgG分泌细胞主要分布于黏膜上皮下方和气管腺周围；在肺中,两种分泌细胞主要分布于肺泡隔和各级支气管黏膜固有层内。此外,在扁桃体和气管黏膜上皮内也观察到较多的抗体分泌细胞。对两种分泌细胞进行统计学分析发现,IgA分泌细胞在咽鼓管扁桃体中最多,其次是软腭扁桃体、咽扁桃体和气管,肺中最少；IgG分泌细胞在咽扁桃体中最多,其次是软腭扁桃体、咽鼓管扁桃体和气管,肺中最少。本试验结果显示山羊呼吸道中分布有较多的抗体分泌细胞,但不同部位抗体分泌细胞的分布不尽相同,该结果可为山羊呼吸道黏膜免疫的研究提供理论依据。 3.山羊呼吸道CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞的分布应用免疫组织化学技术研究山羊呼吸道中CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞的变化。结果表明：扁桃体中两种T淋巴细胞主要分布于黏膜上皮的下方；气管中,两种T淋巴细胞主要分布于气管腺周围；肺中,两种T淋巴细胞主要分布于肺泡隔。此外,在扁桃体黏膜上皮内也有T淋巴细胞的分布。由统计学分析发现,CD4+T淋巴细胞在扁桃体中分布最多,气管和肺中最少；CD8+T淋巴细胞在咽鼓管扁桃体中最多,其次是咽扁桃体、软腭扁桃体和肺,气管中最少。本试验结果表明山羊的整个呼吸道中都存在较多的效应性T淋巴细胞,为山羊鼻腔免疫的机理研究奠定了良好的理论基础。 4.胆酸钠对山羊鼻腔相关扁桃体黏膜上皮吸收灭活病毒的影响研究胆酸钠促进山羊鼻腔相关扁桃体黏膜上皮吸收禽流感灭活病毒的形态学机制。通过鼻腔接种胆酸钠和禽流感灭活病毒后,应用组织学光镜和电镜制片技术研究山羊咽扁桃体和咽鼓管扁桃体上皮结构的变化以及灭活病毒的吸收情况。单独应用灭活病毒后扁桃体黏膜上皮结构完整,而应用胆酸钠或胆酸钠配合灭活病毒后扁桃体中可观察到较多脱离黏膜上皮的细胞,脱落的细胞大部分是上皮细胞和淋巴细胞；上皮细胞之间空隙增大,紧密连接被打开。尤其是应用胆酸钠配合灭活病毒后可观察到部分细胞内含有病毒的囊泡。鼻腔接种后第三天,应用胆酸钠的扁桃体黏膜上皮结构基本恢复,几乎没有观察到脱离上皮的细胞。本试验结果提示胆酸钠通过打开山羊鼻腔相关扁桃体的黏膜上皮细胞之间的紧密连接来促进灭活病毒的吸收,虽然胆酸钠可引起部分上皮脱落,但这种副作用是暂时的并在短时间内可修复。
[Abstract]:In this paper, goat respiratory tract-related lymphoid tissue was studied. The morphological characteristics, the distribution of antibody-secreting cells and CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in goat respiratory tract-related lymphoid tissue were studied by histological light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunohistochemical techniques. Cholic acid was also studied. The effects of sodium on the absorption and inactivation of virus in the nasal cavity-associated tonsillar epithelium of goats were studied.
1. the general histological characteristics of respiratory related lymphoid tissue in goats
The results showed that there were few epithelial layers of pharyngeal tonsil and eustachian tube tonsil located in nasopharyngeal passage, and there were only monolayer flat cells in some areas. The gap between adjacent epithelial cells was very large, and there was a gap between epithelial cells and the lamina propria beneath the mucosal epithelium. The mucosal epithelium of the soft palatine tonsil, located in the oropharyngeal passage, is stratified squamous epithelium. The epithelium recesses into the mucosa and forms many crypts. The parenchyma of the tonsil is composed of several secondary lymphatic nodules and diffuse lymphoid tissue. A large number of lymphatic vessels and capillaries can be observed in the diffuse lymphoid tissue. There were a few lymphocyte infiltration beneath the mucosal epithelium of trachea and bronchial fork, and more lymphocyte distribution in the lamina propria of trachea and bronchioles in the lungs. The results suggested that the morphological characteristics of lymphoid tissues associated with respiratory tract in goats were beneficial to antigen absorption and local immune response, especially in goats. The pharyngeal tonsils and eustachian tube tonsils of sheep can be used as the main inducing sites and effector sites of nasal immunity.
2. the distribution of IgA and IgG secretory cells in respiratory tract of goat
Immunohistochemical technique was used to study the changes of IgA and IgG secreting cells in goat respiratory tract.The results showed that in tonsil, IgA and IgG secreting cells were mainly located below mucosal epithelium, in trachea, IgA and IgG secreting cells were mainly located below mucosal epithelium and around tracheal gland, and in lung, two kinds of secreting cells were mainly distributed. In addition, more antibody secreting cells were observed in tonsil and tracheal epithelium. Statistical analysis of the two secreting cells showed that IgA secreting cells were the most abundant in eustachian tube tonsil, followed by soft palate tonsil, pharyngeal tonsil and trachea, and the least in lung. The results showed that there were more antibody-secreting cells in the respiratory tract of goats, but the distribution of antibody-secreting cells in different parts of the respiratory tract was not the same, which could provide theoretical basis for the study of goat respiratory mucosal immunity. According to it.
3. the distribution of CD4+ and CD8+T lymphocytes in respiratory tract of goat
The changes of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the respiratory tract of goats were studied by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that two kinds of T lymphocytes in tonsils were mainly located below the mucosal epithelium; in trachea, two kinds of T lymphocytes were mainly distributed around the tracheal gland; and in lung, two kinds of T lymphocytes were mainly distributed in the alveolar septum. The distribution of T lymphocytes was also found in the epithelium of tonsil mucosa. Statistical analysis showed that CD4 + T lymphocytes were the most distributed in tonsils, the least in trachea and lungs; CD8 + T lymphocytes were the most in eustachian tube tonsils, followed by pharyngeal tonsils, soft palate tonsils and lungs, and the least in trachea. There are many effector T lymphocytes in the nasal cavity of goats.
Effect of 4. sodium cholate on inactivation of virus in mucosa of goat nasal cavity related tonsil
To study the morphological mechanism of sodium cholate promoting the absorption of avian influenza virus (AIV) by nasal mucosal epithelium of nasal associated tonsils in goats. After inoculating sodium cholate and inactivated avian influenza virus into nasal cavity, the changes of the epithelial structure of pharyngeal tonsils and eustachian tube tonsils and the absorption of inactivated virus were studied by histological light microscopy and electron microscopy. After inactivating the virus alone, the epithelial structure of tonsil mucosa was intact. However, after inactivating the virus with sodium cholate or sodium cholate, a large number of cells detached from the mucosal epithelium were observed in the tonsil. Most of the cells were epithelial cells and lymphocytes; the gap between epithelial cells was enlarged, and the tight junction was opened. On the third day after inoculation, the epithelial structure of tonsil mucosa with sodium cholate was basically restored and almost no cells detached from the epithelium were observed. Tight junctions between the two promote the absorption of inactivated viruses. Although sodium cholate can cause partial epithelial exfoliation, this side effect is temporary and can be repaired in a short time.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：R392;R373

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