人体脑干楔束核的三维形态和位置

发布时间：2018-09-08 09:21

【摘要】：脑干一直被认为是神经外科手术操作的禁区,手术风险大且术后并发症多。脑干内神经核团的空间形态、空间位置及相互毗邻关系,也都没有过精确、定量地描述。本研究通过对楔束核的三维重建,研究其三维的形态和位置,可为今后脑干核团的精确定位定态研究提供方法参考,为临床手术提供数据参考。首先,确定参照系。以方便于研究和临床应用为原则,建立适合于对脑干神经核团进行定位定态的参照坐标系。然后,获取连续切片图像。选取2例健康无病变的成年男性脑干,在坐标系的指导下使用分块组织切片法对脑干标本进行切割定位。对切割后的样本块,用组织切片法法制作石蜡切片。通过对HE染色、改良的苏木素染色、氨银染色与焦油紫染色等各染色法进行对比试验,确定焦油紫染色为本研究的染色方法。以此法对各层的延髓石蜡切片进行染色,使用正置显微镜拍摄各层切片的数字图像,得到延髓图谱。接着,进行三维重建。对图像进行校正处理,使用自动分割+手工分割相结合的方法进行图像分割,得到楔束核的二维轮廓图像数据。使用移动立方体(Marching Cube)法进行三维重建,获得三维形态模型。最后,测量三维数据并进行形状平均。对2例楔束核三维形态指标进行测量,用符号距离图叠加法对2个楔束核形状进行平均,获得一个平均的楔束核形状并测量其三维指标。通过研究,取得了连续的、清晰显示核团的延髓图谱,获得各例楔束核及平均楔束核的曲面平滑、自然逼真的三维形态模型,测得了各例楔束核及平均楔束核的三维形态数据数据表明,楔束核是呈左右对称且形状不规则的一对神经核团,左侧核团稍大于右侧。左侧核团的长度是9.845mm,宽度为5.827mm,高度是5.631mm,体积为137.1mm3；右侧核团长度是9.124mm,宽度是6.143mm,高度是5.355mm,体积是130.4mm3。
[Abstract]:Brainstem has been considered a closed area for neurosurgery, with high risk and postoperative complications. The spatial shape, position and relationship of the nerve nuclei in the brain stem are not accurately and quantitatively described. In this study, the three-dimensional reconstruction of wedge nucleus and its three-dimensional morphology and location can be used as a reference for the precise localization and steady-state study of brainstem nuclei and for the clinical operation. First, determine the frame of reference. Based on the principle of convenience for research and clinical application, a reference coordinate system suitable for locating and stationary brainstem nerve nuclei was established. Then, the serial slice image is obtained. Under the guidance of coordinate system, two healthy adult male brainstem specimens were cut and located by using the method of segmental tissue section. The paraffin sections of the cut samples were made by the method of tissue section. The HE staining, improved hematoxylin staining, ammonia silver staining and tar violet staining were compared to determine the tar violet staining method. The paraffin sections of the medulla oblongata were stained by this method, and the digital images of the sections were taken by using the positive microscope to obtain the map of the medulla oblongata. Then, three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out. The image is corrected and the 2D contour image data of wedge kernel is obtained by combining automatic segmentation and manual segmentation. The moving cube (Marching Cube) method is used to reconstruct the 3D shape model. Finally, the three-dimensional data are measured and the shape is averaged. The shape of two wedge nuclei was measured and the mean shape of two wedge nuclei was measured by the symbolic distance map superposition method. The mean shape of the wedge nucleus was obtained and its three dimensional index was measured. Continuous and clear map of medulla oblongata was obtained, and a smooth, natural and realistic 3D shape model of each case of wedge nucleus and mean wedge nucleus was obtained. Three-dimensional morphological data of the cuneiform nucleus and the mean cuneiform nucleus of each case showed that the nucleus of the cuneiform nucleus was a pair of nerve nuclei which were symmetrical and irregular in shape, and the left nucleus was a little larger than the right one. The length, width, height and volume of the left nucleus were 9.845mm, 5.827mm, 5.631mm and 137.1mm3, respectively, while the length, width, height and volume of the right nucleus were 9.124mm, 6.143mm, 5.355mm and 130.4mm, respectively.
【学位授予单位】：杭州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R322

【参考文献】