灾害救援医护人员心理健康状况调查及相关因素研究

发布时间：2018-10-04 21:25

【摘要】：目的调查玉树救援医护人员一年后的心理健康状况，分析灾害救援相关知识的培训等因素对医护人员心理的影响，探讨医护人员知识掌握的情况及相应的培训需求,为开展灾害救援相关知识的培训提供依据，为更好地维持医护人员自身的心理健康提供保障。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、创伤后应激障碍自评量表(PCL-C)及自行设计的调查表，对228名医护人员进行心理健康状况及相关情况的调查。SCL-90和PCL-C根据症状的严重程度以1～5级评分，分数越低表明心理状态越好。结果调查的医护人员与国内常模比较其心理健康状态较好；救援组与未救援组SCL-90的各因子分及总均分比较，救援组得分均低于未救援组，躯体化因子、焦虑因子、恐怖因子两组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），其余各因子及总均分两组间的差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。救援组和未救援组创伤后应激反应症状自评量表的3个症状群排序相同，创伤再体验的平均分最高,其次是麻木和回避得分,第三是警觉性增高得分；分别比较救援组培训与未培训的医护人员，及未救援组培训与未培训的医护人员SCL-90各项指标，结果都显示，各因子分培训组均低于未培训组，除了敌对因子两组之间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），其余各因子及总均分两组间的差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。95.18%的医护人员认为掌握灾害救援相关知识对其维持自身良好的心理状况有帮助；对知识的调查显示，日常工作中涉及到的知识掌握的相对较好；96.05%的医护人员有开展灾害救援相关知识培训教育需要。培训教育是提高医护人员灾害救援相关知识水平的较有效的途径，，应积极开展。结论调查的医护人员总体心理素质比较好；救援本身对更好的维持医护人员自身的心理健康有积极作用；掌握灾害救援相关的知识对其更好的维持心理健康状态非常有帮助，而目前医护人员灾害救援相关知识的掌握水平不是很高，灾害救援相关的心理知识及综合知识掌握的相对较差，因此根据医护人员知识体系的分布情况，开展灾害救援相关知识的培训教育非常必要，应积极开展规范化的培训教育，并充分利用网络的便捷优势,提高医护人员的相关知识水平。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the mental health status of medical and nursing personnel in Yushu after one year, to analyze the influence of the training of disaster relief related knowledge on the psychological status of medical staff, and to explore the situation of knowledge mastery of medical and nursing personnel and the corresponding training needs. To provide the basis for the training of disaster relief related knowledge and to better maintain the mental health of medical staff. Methods symptom Checklist (SCL-90), Post-traumatic stress Disorder (PCL-C) and self-designed questionnaire were used. The mental health status and related conditions of 228 medical staff were investigated. SCL-90 and PCL-C were scored at 1 ~ 5 grade according to the severity of symptoms. The lower the score was, the better the mental state was. Results compared with the national norm, the health care workers were in a better state of mental health, and the scores of each factor and the total average score of SCL-90 in the rescue group and the non-rescue group were lower than those in the non-rescue group, somatization factor, anxiety factor, and the scores of the relief group were lower than those of the non-rescue group, the somatization factor and the anxiety factor. There was no significant difference in phobic factors between the two groups (P > 0.05), but there were significant differences in the other factors and the total mean score between the two groups (P < 0.05). The order of the three symptom groups in the relief group and the non-rescue group was the same, the average score of the trauma re-experience was the highest, followed by the numbness and avoidance score, and the third was the increased alertness score. The SCL-90 indexes of the trained and untrained medical and nursing staff were compared respectively. The results showed that the factor scores of the training group were lower than those of the untrained group. Except for the hostile factors, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05), but there were significant differences in the other factors and the total mean scores between the two groups (P < 0.05) .95.18% of the medical and nursing staff thought that the knowledge of disaster relief was good for them to maintain themselves. Good mental health helps; A survey of knowledge shows that 96.05% of the medical personnel involved in daily work have the need to train and educate about disaster relief related knowledge. Training and education is an effective way to improve the knowledge level of medical staff in disaster relief and should be actively carried out. Conclusion the overall psychological quality of the medical and nursing staff investigated is good, and the rescue itself has a positive effect on maintaining the mental health of the medical staff themselves. Knowledge about disaster relief is very helpful for them to maintain their mental health, but at present, the level of knowledge about disaster relief among medical personnel is not very high. The psychological knowledge and comprehensive knowledge of disaster relief are relatively poor, so it is necessary to develop the training and education of disaster relief related knowledge according to the distribution of knowledge system of medical and nursing personnel, and we should actively carry out standardized training education. And make full use of the convenient advantages of the network to improve the level of relevant knowledge of medical staff.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁医学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R395

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