黑龙江林区蜱和鼠中三种病原的携带状况研究

发布时间：2018-11-13 13:25

【摘要】：目的：掌握黑龙江林区蜱和鼠中三种病原(嗜吞噬细胞无形体、伯氏疏螺旋体、斑点热群立克次体)的感染状况,并进一步了解其动态变化趋势和小范围内的空间分布。方法：设立30*30m2的样方点在蜱媒传染病流行季节采用“布旗法”对蜱虫开展动态调查,同期选择在大石沟林场林缘和其他类型环境内对鼠类分别进行动态捕获和不定时捕获,所捕样本带回实验室提取模板后PCR或Nested-PCR判定感染状况并随机选取PCR阳性片段送商业测序进行序列分析。所得数据应用统计学方法和地理信息系统技术了解病原体在蜱或动物中的动态变化趋势和特征分布。结果：①结果在三林场共捕获蜱类2353只,经鉴定分为全沟硬蜱(1934只)、嗜群血蜱(409只)和森林革蜱(10只)；三林场蜱种构成差异有统计学意义,大石沟林场优势蜱种为全沟硬蜱,尔站林场优势蜱种为嗜群血蜱,而黑牛背林场以该两种蜱虫混合为主。②全沟硬蜱、嗜群血蜱和森林革蜱中AP的感染率分别为4.55%、3.42%和0.00%,差异无统计学意义,但尔站林场中全沟硬蜱感染率(15.00%)高于其他大石沟林场(4.74%)和黑牛背林场(2.98%)且差异有统计学意义(P=0.008)。③全沟硬蜱、嗜群血蜱和森林革蜱中的B.b.s.l感染率分别为22.39%、4.64%、0.00%,全沟硬蜱的感染率明显高于其他两蜱种(P=0.000),而不同林场同蜱种间B.b.s.l的感染率无差异。④全沟硬蜱、嗜群血蜱和森林革蜱中分别有173(8.95%)、31(7.58%)、4(4/10)份SFGR检测呈阳性,差异有统计学意义(P=0.002),黑牛背林场中嗜群血蜱的感染率低于其他两林场。⑤研究共捕获356只小动物,以黑线姬鼠和棕背鼠平为优势鼠种,AP、 B.b.s.l、 SFGR三种病原的感染率分别为0.84%、6.18%和10.11%。⑥序列分析显示我国三种蜱媒传染病存在基因多态性,首次在东北地区鼠中检测出其感染伯氏疏螺旋体B.valaisiana型和B.burgdorferi型,并首次证实该地区蜱中亦存在B.valaisiana-like group型感染。⑦动态调查显示全沟硬蜱的高峰出现在六月或七月,而嗜群血蜱的高峰一般出现在六月上旬；特征分布显示大石沟林场蜱中SFGR存在高感染率的聚集空间,且黑牛背林场蜱中AP、SFGR亦存在高感染率的聚集空间。结论：①不同林场中蜱种构成不同且其感染病原状况不同；不同生境类型环境内鼠种构成不同,鼠感染病原的状况亦有所不同。②首次在黑龙江乃至东北地区的媒介蜱中检测到B.valaisiana-like group基因型；首次在东北地区的鼠中检测到B.burgdorferi基因型和B.valaisiana基因型。③动态调查显示蜱虫活动高峰的出现不仅与其习性相关,同时与环境、气候等外界因素密切相关；空间分析显示林场内不同区域中蜱的病原感染率有明显差异,具体与哪些因素有关需进一步研究证实。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the infection status of three pathogens (phagocytic apoplasms, Borrelia burgdorferi, spotted fever group Rickettsia) in ticks and mice in Heilongjiang forest area, and to further understand the dynamic change trend and spatial distribution in a small area. Methods: to establish the 30*30m2 sample spot to investigate ticks dynamically in the epidemic season of tick-borne infectious diseases, and select the dynamic capture and unscheduled capture of rodents in the forest edge and other types of environment of Dashigou forest farm at the same time. PCR or Nested-PCR were used to determine the infection status after the samples were taken back to the laboratory and the PCR positive fragments were randomly selected and sent to commercial sequencing for sequence analysis. Statistical methods and GIS techniques were used to understand the dynamic trends and distribution of pathogens in ticks or animals. Results: 1A total of 2353 ticks were captured in Sanlin Farm, which were classified into four groups: Hypodes (1934), Haemaphysalis (409) and Leyfos (10). There were significant differences in the composition of ticks in Sanlingchang. The dominant ticks in Dashigou forest farm were the whole furrow hard ticks, the dominant ticks in Ershan forest farm were hemopyrifos, while the two species were mainly mixed in the black cattle back forest farm. The infection rate of AP in Haemaphysalis japonicus was 3.42% and 0.002%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups. But the infection rate (15.00%) in Ershan Forest Farm was higher than that in other Dashigou Forest Farm (4.74%) and Black Niubei Forest Farm (2.98%), and the difference was statistically significant (P0. 008). 3 the infection rate was significantly higher than that in other Dashigou Forest Farm (4. 74%) and Black Niu back Forest Farm (2. 98%). The infection rate of B.b.s.l in Haemaphysalis japonicus and Leyfos were 22.3939 and 4.640.The infection rate of Ixodes paniculata was significantly higher than that of the other two ticks (P0. 000). But there was no difference in the infection rate of B.b.s.l among different ticks in different forest farms. (4) the positive rates of SFGR were 173 (8.95%), 31 (7.58%) and 4 / 10 (4 / 10) in Haemaphysalis japonicus, Haemaphysalis japonicus and G. The difference was statistically significant (P0. 002). The infection rate of Haemaphysalis japonicus in Black cattle back Forest Farm was lower than that in the other two farms. 5 A total of 356 small animals were captured in the study. Apodemus agrarius and Apodemus palmianus were the dominant species, AP, B.b.s.l. The infection rate of the three pathogens of SFGR was 0.84% and 10.11.6% respectively. The results showed that there were genetic polymorphisms in the three tick-borne infectious diseases in China. B.valaisiana and B.burgdorferi types of Borrelia burgdorferi were detected for the first time in rats in Northeast China, and B.valaisiana-like group type infection was also confirmed in ticks in this area for the first time. The peak of haemopyrifos was found in early June. The characteristic distribution showed that there was a gathering space of high infection rate of SFGR in the ticks of Dashigou forest farm, and there was also a space of high infection rate of AP,SFGR in the ticks of Black cattle back Forest Farm. Conclusion: 1 the species composition of ticks in different forest farms is different and the pathogen of infection is different; The composition of rodent species was different in different habitat types and the status of rodent infection was different. 2 B.valaisiana-like group genotypes were detected for the first time in vector ticks in Heilongjiang and Northeast China. B.burgdorferi genotypes and B.valaisiana genotypes were detected for the first time in rats in Northeast China. 3 the dynamic investigation showed that the occurrence of the peak activity of ticks was not only related to their habits, but also closely related to the environment, climate and other external factors. Spatial analysis showed that there were significant differences in the infection rate of ticks in different areas of forest farms.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R384.4

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