孕产妇心理变化特征及影响因素分析
发布时间：2018-11-28 17:09
【摘要】：目的 个体的心理健康始于孕期的论点得到越来越多的认同,因此,对孕妇心理健康及其变化规律的研究探索也越来越急迫。本文旨在分析不同孕期及产后妇女的心理变化规律及其社会—文化—家庭影响因素,以便及时有效的开展孕期心理卫生保健和针对性的心理干预。 方法 用SCL-90评价孕产妇的情绪状态,用EPQ来评价其人格特征,使用孕妇临床结构访谈法来评估分析其社会-文化-家庭影响因素,运用spearman相关法、Kruskal-Wallis Test与非条件Logistic回归分析等统计方法,探索不同孕产妇心理状态变化特点、规律以及影响因素。 结果 1.处于孕中期的妇女其年龄与SCL-90测试结果呈显著相关;孕妇心理健康状况组间比较:26～30岁、31～35岁组好于20～25岁、36～41岁组。孕妇;孕妇的学历与其SCL-90测试结果在焦虑、精神病性症状等因子上呈显著相关,经Kruskal-Wallis H Test,不同学历组间SCL-90测试结果平均秩次排序有以下趋势:硕士生组大学生组高中生组初中生组。 2. EPQ各维度均与SCL-90总均分呈显著相关,孕妇根据EPQ的N维度分组其SCL-90各因子组间得分均存在差异,结论具统计学意义;不同文化程度组在P维度、E维度达到统计学差异。 3.早孕组、中孕组、晚孕组和产后组之间,在总分、躯体化、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖和精神病性症状等因子上,组间统计学差异显著(P均0.05);其中躯体化、人际关系敏感等2项以早孕组最高,总分、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、精神病性症状等5项以中孕组最高,晚孕组和产后组均较低。非条件Logistic回归分析显示,孕妇年龄、文化水平、当前身体感受、对工作学习影响、担心胎儿畸形等项目均进入回归方程(P均0.05),年龄、文化水平的OR值依次为0.929、0.780,且OR值均小于1,为孕妇心理健康的保护因素;当前身体感受、对自己工作与学习有影响、担心胎儿畸形等OR值依次为1.260、1.208、1.259,且OR值均大于1,是孕妇心理健康的危险因素,其中对情绪影响最大的是担心胎儿畸形,Wald值为6.495。 结论 1.孕中期妇女存在较高的负性情绪阳性;其心理健康状况按年龄分布呈中间高两头低趋势,即25岁以前和35岁以后其心理健康水平下降;此外,低学历的孕妇更有可能出现焦虑、精神病性症状等。 2. EPQ可试用于预测妇女围产期情绪状态,文化程度较高孕妇的人格特征更可能倾向于外向以及有较低的精神质值。 3.怀孕妇女在不同孕期均有某些心理状态变化以及负性情绪体验,但不同孕期各有其特点;社会-文化-家庭等因素对孕妇心理状态变化具有不同的影响。
[Abstract]:Objective the argument that individual mental health begins during pregnancy is more and more accepted. Therefore, it is more and more urgent to study the mental health and its changing law of pregnant women. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the psychological changes of women in different pregnancy and postpartum period and the influence factors of sociocultural family, so as to carry out mental health care and psychological intervention in time and effectively. Methods SCL-90 was used to evaluate the emotional status of pregnant women, EPQ was used to evaluate their personality characteristics, and clinical structure interviews were used to evaluate and analyze the sociocultural and family influencing factors of pregnant women. Spearman correlation method was used to evaluate the emotional status of pregnant women. Statistical methods such as Kruskal-Wallis Test and conditional Logistic regression analysis were used to explore the characteristics, rules and influencing factors of mental state of different pregnant and parturient women. Result 1. The age of women in the second trimester of pregnancy was significantly correlated with the results of SCL-90 test, and the mental health status of pregnant women was significantly higher than that of 2025 years old and 360-41 years old group, and the mental health status of pregnant women was 2630 years old, 31 ~ 35 years old group was better than 20 ~ 25 years old group. Pregnant women; The educational background of pregnant women was significantly correlated with their SCL-90 test results in anxiety, psychotic symptoms and other factors. Kruskal-Wallis H Test,. The average rank ranking of SCL-90 test results among different education groups showed the following trends: master students group, university students group, high school students group, junior high school students group. 2. All the dimensions of EPQ were significantly correlated with the total mean score of SCL-90. There were significant differences in the scores of each factor group of SCL-90 among the pregnant women according to the N dimension of EPQ. In P dimension and E dimension, there were statistical differences in different education level groups. 3. There were significant differences in the total score, somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobia and psychotic symptoms between the early pregnancy group, the middle pregnancy group, the late pregnancy group and the postpartum group (all P 0.05). Somatization, interpersonal sensitivity were the highest in the early pregnancy group, total score, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobia, psychotic symptoms were the highest in the middle pregnancy group, and lower in the late pregnancy group and postpartum group. Non-conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that pregnant women's age, education level, current physical feeling, influence on work and study, fear of fetal malformation and so on all entered the regression equation (P0. 05), age, etc. The OR value of education level was 0.929 卤0.780, and the OR value was less than 1, which was the protective factor of pregnant women's mental health. The current physical feeling has an effect on one's own work and study. The OR value of worrying about fetal malformation is 1.260 / 1.208 / 1.259, and the OR value is more than 1, which is a risk factor for the mental health of pregnant women. Among them, the biggest emotional impact is worried about fetal malformation, the Wald value is 6.495. Conclusion 1. In the second trimester of pregnancy, there was a high negative emotion positive, and the mental health status showed a high and low trend according to the age distribution, that is, the mental health level decreased before 25 years old and after 35 years old. In addition, low-educated pregnant women are more likely to develop anxiety, psychiatric symptoms and so on. 2. EPQ can be used to predict the emotional state of women during perinatal period. The personality characteristics of pregnant women with higher education level are more likely to be extroverted and have lower psychoticism. 3. Pregnant women have some changes in mental state and negative emotional experience in different pregnancy, but different pregnancy have their own characteristics, social, cultural and family factors have different effects on the changes of psychological state of pregnant women.
【学位授予单位】：第四军医大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：R395.1
本文编号：2363640
[Abstract]:Objective the argument that individual mental health begins during pregnancy is more and more accepted. Therefore, it is more and more urgent to study the mental health and its changing law of pregnant women. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the psychological changes of women in different pregnancy and postpartum period and the influence factors of sociocultural family, so as to carry out mental health care and psychological intervention in time and effectively. Methods SCL-90 was used to evaluate the emotional status of pregnant women, EPQ was used to evaluate their personality characteristics, and clinical structure interviews were used to evaluate and analyze the sociocultural and family influencing factors of pregnant women. Spearman correlation method was used to evaluate the emotional status of pregnant women. Statistical methods such as Kruskal-Wallis Test and conditional Logistic regression analysis were used to explore the characteristics, rules and influencing factors of mental state of different pregnant and parturient women. Result 1. The age of women in the second trimester of pregnancy was significantly correlated with the results of SCL-90 test, and the mental health status of pregnant women was significantly higher than that of 2025 years old and 360-41 years old group, and the mental health status of pregnant women was 2630 years old, 31 ~ 35 years old group was better than 20 ~ 25 years old group. Pregnant women; The educational background of pregnant women was significantly correlated with their SCL-90 test results in anxiety, psychotic symptoms and other factors. Kruskal-Wallis H Test,. The average rank ranking of SCL-90 test results among different education groups showed the following trends: master students group, university students group, high school students group, junior high school students group. 2. All the dimensions of EPQ were significantly correlated with the total mean score of SCL-90. There were significant differences in the scores of each factor group of SCL-90 among the pregnant women according to the N dimension of EPQ. In P dimension and E dimension, there were statistical differences in different education level groups. 3. There were significant differences in the total score, somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobia and psychotic symptoms between the early pregnancy group, the middle pregnancy group, the late pregnancy group and the postpartum group (all P 0.05). Somatization, interpersonal sensitivity were the highest in the early pregnancy group, total score, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobia, psychotic symptoms were the highest in the middle pregnancy group, and lower in the late pregnancy group and postpartum group. Non-conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that pregnant women's age, education level, current physical feeling, influence on work and study, fear of fetal malformation and so on all entered the regression equation (P0. 05), age, etc. The OR value of education level was 0.929 卤0.780, and the OR value was less than 1, which was the protective factor of pregnant women's mental health. The current physical feeling has an effect on one's own work and study. The OR value of worrying about fetal malformation is 1.260 / 1.208 / 1.259, and the OR value is more than 1, which is a risk factor for the mental health of pregnant women. Among them, the biggest emotional impact is worried about fetal malformation, the Wald value is 6.495. Conclusion 1. In the second trimester of pregnancy, there was a high negative emotion positive, and the mental health status showed a high and low trend according to the age distribution, that is, the mental health level decreased before 25 years old and after 35 years old. In addition, low-educated pregnant women are more likely to develop anxiety, psychiatric symptoms and so on. 2. EPQ can be used to predict the emotional state of women during perinatal period. The personality characteristics of pregnant women with higher education level are more likely to be extroverted and have lower psychoticism. 3. Pregnant women have some changes in mental state and negative emotional experience in different pregnancy, but different pregnancy have their own characteristics, social, cultural and family factors have different effects on the changes of psychological state of pregnant women.
【学位授予单位】：第四军医大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：R395.1
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