牦牛皱胃组织结构及黏膜免疫相关细胞的研究

发布时间：2019-06-09 20:22

【摘要】：牦牛是我国特有的畜种资源。耐低氧环境，以高寒草地牧草资源为食，为当地牧民提供无可替代的生活资料和生产资料，，是高寒草地畜牧业经济的重要支柱。消化道黏膜不仅是牦牛消化、吸收营养物质的场所，且具有重要的免疫屏障,而胃是家畜消化系统的重要组成部分。为了揭示牦牛皱胃组织结构和黏膜免疫相关细胞的分布与数量变化的规律，本研究采用组织化学法、图像分析法及透射电镜技术，对牦牛皱胃组织结构及上皮内淋巴细胞、浆细胞和肥大细胞变化进行了研究。结果表明：牦牛皱胃胃壁由黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层和浆膜构成。皱胃幽门腺区胃小凹深度最深（幽门腺区275.2±59.8μm，胃底腺区144.1±52.9μm，贲门腺区为143.9±41.4μm）、腺体最长（幽门腺区827.4±114.71μm，胃底腺区721.1±120.8μm，贲门腺区624.4±137.1μm）、肌层最厚（幽门腺区96.1±17.8μm，胃底腺区44.1±8.9μm，贲门腺区25.4±9.1μm）；三个腺区肌层厚度、腺体长度之间差异极显著（P0.01）；幽门腺区与胃底腺区、贲门腺区之间胃小凹差异极显著（P0.01），胃底腺区与贲门腺区之间差异不显著（P0.05）。牦牛皱胃黏膜上皮内淋巴细胞数量(胃底腺区2.7±1.8，贲门腺区2.6±1.7，幽门腺区2.1±1.6)和浆细胞数量(贲门腺区5.7±2.5，胃底腺区5.1±1.3，幽门腺区4.5±2.1)，三个腺区之间差异不显著（P0.05）；肥大细胞数量以胃底腺区最多（26.4±3.3），幽门腺区最少（20.7±5.0），两者之间差异极显著（P0.01），贲门腺区居中（23.3±4.4）且与胃底腺区和幽门腺区之间差异不显著（P0.05）。皱胃各腺区固有层中均有大量的弥散淋巴细胞和孤立淋巴小结。电镜观察表明，胃小凹柱状上皮细胞排列紧密。幽门腺区固有层中有大量的黏液细胞，黏液细胞呈高柱状或锥体状，核位于基底部，在细胞顶端常聚集有较多的电子密度较高的颗粒。胃底腺区和贲门腺区有大量的壁细胞和主细胞。浆细胞呈不规则的卵圆形，核呈圆形；胞浆中充满游离的核糖体和大量的粗面内质网；肥大细胞呈椭圆形或不规则，胞质内有大量电子密度强的膜包颗粒（异染颗粒）。牦牛皱胃的组织结构和其他反刍动物基本相似，但各层有其明显特点。牦牛皱胃各腺区固有层中均有大量弥散淋巴细胞和孤立淋巴小结，使牦牛皱胃具有比其他反刍动物更强的黏膜免疫功能。
[Abstract]:Yak is a unique animal resource in China. It is an important pillar of animal husbandry economy in alpine grassland to provide irreplaceable means of living and means of production for local herdsmen in hypoxia-tolerant environment and feed on alpine grassland forage resources. Digestive tract mucosa is not only a place for yak to digest and absorb nutrients, but also has an important immune barrier, and stomach is an important part of livestock digestive system. In order to reveal the distribution and quantity of abomasum tissue structure and mucous membrane immune related cells in yak, histochemical method, image analysis and transmission electron microscope were used to analyze the abomasum tissue structure and intraepithelial lymphocytes of yak. The changes of plasma cells and mastocytes were studied. The results showed that the wrinkle stomach wall of yak was composed of mucous layer, submucous layer, muscle layer and serosa. The depth of gastric fovea in the abomasum is the deepest (275.2 卤598 渭 m in the glottic gland, 144.1 卤52.9 渭 m in the fundus gland, 143.9 卤41.4 渭 m in the cardiac gland), and the longest (827.4 卤114.71 渭 m) and 721.1 卤120.8 渭 m in the fundus gland of the abomasum. The cardiac gland area was 624.4 卤137.1 渭 m), and the muscle layer was the thickest (96.1 卤17.8 渭 m in the globus gland area, 44.1 卤8.9 渭 m in the gastric fundus gland area and 25.4 卤9.1 渭 m in the cardiac gland area). There were significant differences in the thickness of muscle layer and the length of gland among the three regions (P 0.01). There was significant difference in gastric fovea between gastric fundus gland area and cardiac gland area (P 0.01), but there was no significant difference between gastric fundus gland area and cardiac gland area (P 0.05). The number of intraepithelial lymphocytes in abomasal mucosa of yak (2.7 卤1.8 in gastric fundus gland, 2.6 卤1.7 in cardiac gland, 2.1 卤1.6 in HP) and plasma cell (5.7 卤2.5 in cardiac gland and 5.1 卤1.3 in gastric fundus gland). The thyroid gland area was 4.5 卤2.1), and there was no significant difference among the three gland regions (P 0.05). The number of mast cells was the highest in the fundus gland area (26.4 卤3.3) and the lowest in the pylorus gland area (20.7 卤5.0). There was a significant difference between the two groups (P 0.01). The cardiac gland area was in the middle (23.3 卤4.4) and there was no significant difference between the cardiac gland area and the fundus gland area and the glottic gland area (P 0.05). There are a large number of diffused lymphocytes and isolated lymphoid nodules in the lamina propria of abomasum. Electron microscopic observation showed that the columnar epithelial cells of small concave stomach were arranged closely. There are a large number of mucinous cells in the lamina propria of the pylorus gland. The mucinous cells are highly columnar or pyramidal. The nucleus is located at the bottom of the base and there are often more particles with high electron density at the top of the cells. There are a large number of parietal cells and main cells in the fundus gland and cardiac gland. The plasma cells were irregular ovoid and the nucleus was round; the cytoplasm was full of free ribosomes and a large number of rough endoplasmic reticulum; the mastocytes were oval or irregular, and there were a large number of membrane particles (hetero-staining particles) with strong electron density in the cytoplasm. The tissue structure of wrinkled stomach of yak is basically similar to that of other ruminants, but each layer has its obvious characteristics. There are a large number of diffused lymphocytes and isolated lymphoid nodules in the lamina propria of each gland area of yak wrinkle stomach, which makes yak wrinkle stomach have stronger mucous membrane immune function than other ruminants.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R392

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