大医附二院支气管哮喘患者发病和诊治现状

发布时间：2018-05-28 13:50

本文选题：支气管哮喘 + 危险因素　；参考：《大连医科大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的：支气管哮喘是可控、可防性疾病，明确其发病的危险因素有助于减少哮喘急性发作，经规范化治疗可提高哮喘的控制水平。本研究通过问卷调查的形式了解大医二院门诊哮喘患者的发病危险因素和诊治情况，为将来制定更好的哮喘防治措施，提高哮喘控制水平奠定基础。方法：选择2013年1月至2013年3月在大连医科大学附属第二医院（简称大医二院）呼吸门诊和哮喘门诊就诊的哮喘患者84例。患者均符合2011年GINA指南和2008年中国哮喘防治指南制定的支气管哮喘的诊断标准。由大医二院的呼吸门诊及哮喘门诊医生采用面对面问卷调查形式，运用通俗易懂的语音进行描述，调查哮喘患者的发病和诊治情况等。问卷内容包括：1.患者基本资料：姓名、性别、体重、职业、病程和医疗情况等；2.哮喘的基本情况：过去1年内门诊随诊和治疗情况等。3.哮喘控制情况：包括（1）2011年全球哮喘防治创议（Global Initiative forAsthma,GINA）制定的哮喘控制水平的方法；（2）哮喘控制测试（ACT）评分。进行问卷调查时，问卷内容不得空缺，共完成84份调查。采用SPSS17.0软件进行统计分析。结果：1、哮喘的相关危险因素：（1）宿主因素：女性患者发病率高，其中男性35例，女性49例，男女比例为1：1.4。80.95%的患者有过敏性疾病史及家族史，其中过敏性鼻炎者占47.62%。（2）环境因素：变应原以尘螨为主（62.5%）。吸烟患者占20.24%。气温变化（50%）、病毒感染（46.43%）及烟尘（39.29%）占发病诱因的前3位。城市及郊区患者（88.09%）高于农村（11.90%）。2、肺功能检查情况：57例（67.86%）患者进行了肺功能检查。3、采用ICS+LABA规范治疗的患者占所有调查患者比例为66.67%。4、患者自我评估部分控制及完全控制为70.24%，，但ACT评分良好以上控制水平仅为39.29%。结论：哮喘发病的危险因素包括性别、过敏性体质、吸烟、气温变化、病毒感染及烟尘等。哮喘患者的肺功能检测和吸入激素的治疗比例仍然较低且大多数患者高估了自己的哮喘控制水平。
[Abstract]:Objective: bronchial asthma is a controllable and preventable disease and its risk factors are helpful to reduce the acute attack of asthma. The standardized treatment can improve the control level of asthma. This study investigated the risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of asthma patients in the outpatient clinic of the second Hospital of Medical University through questionnaire, so as to lay a foundation for making better prevention and treatment measures for asthma and improving the level of asthma control in the future. Methods: from January 2013 to March 2013, 84 asthmatic patients were selected from the second affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University. All patients met the diagnostic criteria of bronchial asthma developed by 2011 GINA guidelines and 2008 China Asthma Prevention guidelines. The respiratory outpatients and asthma outpatients of the second Hospital of Medical University were investigated by means of face-to-face questionnaire, and the patients' incidence, diagnosis and treatment of asthma were investigated by means of simple and understandable phonetic description. The questionnaire consisted of: 1. Basic data of patients: name, sex, weight, occupation, course of disease and medical condition. Basic status of asthma: outpatient follow-up and treatment over the past year. 3. 3. Asthma control: including 1) Global Initiative for Asthma GINA (2011) developed a method for asthma control level 2) Asthma Control Test (ACTT) score. A total of 84 questionnaires were completed. SPSS17.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results the host factors: female patients had a high incidence rate, including 35 males and 49 females. The proportion of males to females was 1: 1.4.80.95% with a history of allergic diseases and family history. Among them, allergic rhinitis accounted for 47.62%) environmental factors: the allergen was mainly dust mites 62.5%. Smoking accounted for 20.24%. The temperature changes (50%), virus infection (46.43) and smoke (39.29) accounted for the first three inducements. Urban and suburban patients (88.09) were higher than those in rural areas (11.900.2.The pulmonary function examination was performed in 57 cases (67.86). The proportion of patients treated with ICS LABA was 66.67.4, and the self-assessment was partially controlled and completely controlled. The system was 70.24, but the control level of good ACT score was only 39.29. Conclusion: the risk factors of asthma include sex, allergic constitution, smoking, temperature change, virus infection and soot. Lung function tests and inhaled hormone therapy were still low in asthmatic patients and most patients overestimated their asthma control levels.
【学位授予单位】：大连医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R562.25

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