良性气道瘢痕狭窄治疗现状及研究进展

发布时间：2018-06-15 11:47

本文选题：良性气道瘢痕性狭窄 + 治疗现状　；参考：《重庆医科大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：良性气道瘢痕狭窄(Benign cicatricial airway stenosis)是多种原因所引起的气道瘢痕增生性、挛缩性或塌陷性狭窄,是临床上常见疾病,严重气道狭窄可导致呼吸衰竭而影响患者的生命活动。本病病因包括气管支气管结核、气管插管和气管切开、支气管吻合、胸部创伤、支架置入或吸入性损伤等多种因素。国外首要致病因素是气管插管和气管切开,而国内最常见的致病因素是气管支气管结核。良性气道瘢痕狭窄按病理类型可分网状狭窄、肉芽肿性狭窄、复杂性狭窄,根据不同的狭窄类型可以选择内科气道介入、外科手术及药物治疗等不同治疗手段,虽然治疗方式多样,但均有其不足之处。当前尚无指导治疗的统一标准,临床上治疗策略不一,略显混乱,总体治疗效果差,狭窄容易复发。不断提高疗效、尽量减少甚或消除各种并发症一直是临床工作中关注的焦点。近年来新兴治疗手段迅速更新,但治疗良性气道瘢痕狭窄依然面临挑战。本文意在对良性气道瘢痕的形成机制、治疗现状及研究新进展作综述,希望能为临床工作者在制定诊疗方案时提供良好参考。
[Abstract]:Benign airway scar stenosis (cicatricial airway stenosis) is a common clinical disease caused by hyperplastic contracture or collapse of airway scar. Severe airway stenosis can lead to respiratory failure and affect the life activities of patients. The causes include tracheobronchial tuberculosis, tracheal intubation and tracheotomy, bronchial anastomosis, thoracic trauma, stent implantation or inhalation injury. Tracheal intubation and tracheotomy are the main pathogenic factors in foreign countries, and the most common pathogenic factors in China are tracheobronchial tuberculosis. Benign airway scar stenosis can be divided into reticular stenosis, granulomatous stenosis and complex stenosis according to pathological type. According to different types of stenosis, different treatment methods such as internal airway intervention, surgical operation and drug therapy can be selected. Although the treatment methods are diverse, but all have their shortcomings. At present, there is no unified standard to guide the treatment, the clinical treatment strategy is different, slightly chaotic, the overall treatment effect is poor, the stenosis is easy to recur. It is always the focus of clinical work to improve the curative effect and reduce or eliminate all kinds of complications as far as possible. In recent years, the treatment of benign airway scar stenosis is still facing challenges. The purpose of this article is to summarize the mechanism of benign airway scar formation, treatment status and new research progress, hoping to provide a good reference for clinicians in making diagnosis and treatment plan.
【学位授予单位】：重庆医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R562.12

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