不同年龄支气管哮喘患者临床特征和特异性IgE抗体的变化

发布时间：2018-12-17 04:16

【摘要】：目的通过对不同年龄段哮喘患者的发病年龄、首发症状、临床表现、家族史等特点的分析,结合肺功能检查和血清特异性IgE抗体检测,总结不同年龄段哮喘患者的临床特征。方法收集就诊的128例哮喘患者的临床资料,按患者年龄分为青年组和中老年组,行肺功能检查和血清特异性IgE抗体检测。结果青年组和中老年组14岁前发病的患者所占比例分别为11.3%、6.7%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。中老年组首次发病在40岁以后的患者所占比例为74.7%。中老年组首发症状为喘息和发作时伴咳嗽、咳痰症状的患者比例较高,均高于青年组(P0.05)。两组发病季节性和昼夜节律差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。中老年组1 s用力呼气容积(FEV1)、FEV1/用力肺活量(FVC)显著低于青年组(P0.05)。中老年组特异性过敏原阳性和过敏2级或以上的例数显著少于青年组(P0.05),青年组和中老年组支气管哮喘常见过敏原均为蟑螂、螨虫、艾蒿、屋尘、螃蟹、大豆、海鱼、淡水鱼、虾。结论青年哮喘患者以喘息、胸闷为首发症状;中老年哮喘患者多以喘息为首发症状,病程中多伴有咳嗽、咳痰症状,肺通气功能下降;检测特异性过敏原对预防由此诱发的哮喘有重要意义。
[Abstract]:Objective to summarize the clinical features of asthmatic patients of different ages by analyzing their age of onset, initial symptoms, clinical manifestations, family history, combined with pulmonary function test and serum specific IgE antibody detection. Methods the clinical data of 128 asthmatic patients were collected and divided into youth group and middle and old group according to their age. Pulmonary function test and serum specific IgE antibody test were performed. Results the percentage of patients with disease before 14 years old in the youth group and the middle and old group was 11.3 and 6.7, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P0.05). The percentage of patients with first onset after 40 years of age was 74.7 in the middle-aged and aged group. The first symptom of middle and old age group was wheezing and cough during attack, and the proportion of patients with expectoration symptom was higher than that of young group (P0.05). There was no significant difference in seasonal and circadian rhythm between the two groups (P0.05). Forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) of FEV1/ were significantly lower in the middle and old group than in the young group (P0.05). The number of specific allergen positive and allergic grade 2 or above in the middle and old age group was significantly less than that in the young group (P0.05). The common allergens of bronchial asthma in the young and middle aged groups were cockroaches, mites, Artemisia argyi, house dust, crabs, soybeans and marine fish. Freshwater fish, shrimp. Conclusion Asthma and chest tightness are the first symptoms in young asthmatic patients, wheezing is the first symptom in middle-aged and aged asthmatic patients, cough, expectoration and pulmonary ventilation are the main symptoms in the course of the disease. Detection of specific allergens is of great significance in the prevention of asthma.
【作者单位】：承德医学院附属医院呼吸科;
【基金】：河北省医学适用技术跟踪项目(编号:GL2011-69)
【分类号】：R562.25

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