白纹伊蚊成蚊在不同温度条件下生存繁殖能力变化研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 14:17

  本文关键词：白纹伊蚊成蚊在不同温度条件下生存繁殖能力变化研究　出处：《中国疾病预防控制中心》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 白纹伊蚊 成蚊 产卵 生存时间 生存率 生命表 温度

【摘要】：白纹伊蚊(Aedesalbopictus Skuse)属于长角亚目蚊科伊蚊属,嗜吸人血,攻击力强,吸血时间大多集中在日出后两小时和日落前两小时左右,与人类的关系十分密切。它的分布非常广泛,在我国分布在沈阳、宝鸡、雅安和林芝一线以南地区。从全球来看,白纹伊蚊已经从东南亚的热带和亚热带地区迅速扩散到了南北美洲、大洋洲、欧洲和非洲七十多个国家和地区。在流行病学上作为一种重要的病毒传播媒介,它可以传播多种疾病,包括登革热、寨卡病毒病、基孔肯雅热以及黄热病。随着全球气候变暖,白纹伊蚊的存活时间、繁殖能力,以及分布都会发生改变,同时吸血频率也会发生改变,从而对其媒介效能以及相关传染病的分布范围都会有重要影响。温度变化是造成种群季节消长的基本原因之一,尤其在极端环境下,昆虫耐寒耐热力的高低是其种群存在与发展的重要前提,决定着它们的生殖、扩散、分布以及下一季节的发生动态。特定年龄生命表(age-specified life table)以种群的年龄阶段(如虫态或者虫龄)作为划分时间的标准,系统跟踪记载不同发育阶段或年龄区组中的死亡数量、死亡原因以及成虫阶段的繁殖数量。特定年龄生命表可用于分析影响种群数量变动的关键因素,估计出种群发展趋势指数,进而组建预测模型等。本课题对白纹伊蚊成蚊存活率,产卵量,卵的长成率与不同温度(11℃,16℃,21℃,26℃,31℃和36℃)的关系进行了系列实验研究。阐明了白纹伊蚊成蚊在不同温度下平均生存时间和预期寿命,产卵数和卵的长成率,从而预测白纹伊蚊在不同温度条件下的种群动态和扩散趋势。本实验结果显示在11～36℃时,蚊虫存活时间和产卵数以及卵的长成率都大体呈先上升后下降趋势。在11℃时白纹伊蚊只能短暂存活,没有吸血和繁殖行为;在16℃时生存时间最长,平均生存时间为(49.82土 17.83)d,最长达80d,但是产卵数较少,日均产卵仅为22.88粒,且卵在26℃不能长成;在21℃时生存时间虽然减少,但产卵数增加,达到日均产卵427.6粒,在26℃长成率也达到43%;26℃时生存时间增加至(32.37±13.28)d,而产卵数达到最大值的日均815.9粒,长成率88.0%:当达到31℃时,平均生存时间为(25.43±11.88)d,产卵数 530.18 粒,长成率 82.5%;在 36℃(较高温)下生存时间最短,平均生存时间为(8.61±5.02)d,蚊虫在20d内全部死亡,且日均产卵数最少,长成率仅为20.0%;相同温度和时间下,雌蚊生存时间明显高于雄蚊,差异有统计学意义(F=37.261,P0.05);雌蚊的生存率均高于雄蚊,尤其在11和26℃时;不同温度与蚊虫性别间存在交互作用(F=2.772,P=0.017)。本实验通过对白纹伊蚊成蚊在不同温度梯度下的生存能力和生殖能力的研究,在一定程度揭示了该蚊种对不同温度条件的适应能力。为预测白纹伊蚊伊蚊在不同地区的季节动态、该蚊种的扩散能力、以及相关传染病的风险预估提供数据支持。
[Abstract]:Aedes albopictus (Aedesalbopictus Skuse) belongs to the genus Aedes, which is highly addicted to human blood and has strong attack power. Most of them are concentrated in two hours after sunrise and two hours before sunset. They are closely related to humans. It is widely distributed in our country in the south of Shenyang, Baoji, Ya'an and Linzhi. Globally, Aedes albopictus has spread rapidly from tropical and subtropical regions of Southeast Asia to more than 70 countries and regions in North and South America, Oceania, Europe and Africa. As an important media in the epidemiology of the virus, it can spread many diseases, including Zika virus disease, dengue, chikungunya fever and yellow fever. With global warming, the survival time, reproductive capacity and distribution of Aedes albopictus will change. Meanwhile, the frequency of blood sucking will also change, which will have an important impact on its media efficiency and the range of related infectious diseases. Temperature change is one of the basic reasons for seasonal fluctuation of population. Especially in extreme environments, the cold and heat tolerance of insects is the important prerequisite for their existence and development, and determines their reproduction, dispersal, distribution and the occurrence of next season. The age specific life table (age-specified life table) is based on population age, such as worm status or insect age, as a criterion for dividing time. The system tracked the number of deaths, causes of death and number of adult stages in different developmental stages or age groups. The life table at a specific age can be used to analyze the key factors that affect the population changes, estimate the population development trend index, and then form a prediction model. This study conducted a series of experiments on the relationship between the survival rate, the egg laying rate, the growth rate of eggs and the different temperatures (11, 16, 21, 26, 31, 36). The average survival time, life expectancy, laying number and growth rate of eggs of Aedes albopictus at different temperatures were elucidated, so as to predict population dynamics and dispersal trend of Aedes albopictus under different temperatures. The results of the experiment showed that the survival time and the number of eggs, as well as the adult egg growth rate of the mosquitoes at 11~36 degrees centigrade were all on the rise and then descended. 鍦，

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