人体站立平衡系统建模与平衡能力评价方法研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 08:26

本文选题：人体站立平衡　切入点：人体解析模型　出处：《燕山大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：站立平衡能力定量评价是对站立障碍患者进行评估、诊断和治疗的首要科学依据。本论文就站立障碍患者平衡能力的定量评价开展了相应的研究工作。针对现有的平衡能力评价方法存在敏感度低、误诊率高、临床适用人群范围窄等问题,提出了一种新的人体站立平衡能力定量评价策略。对人体的足底施加连续正弦波加速度水平运动激励,干扰平台上受试者的站立平衡状态。运动平台激励的方向、幅度和频率精确可控,将有利于评测方法的标准制定和定量分析。本文的主要工作有以下几个方面:首先,针对静止站立实验中所获得的人体运动信号含有较大噪声的问题,构建了包括六自由度运动平台、平台运动采集器、测力台和关节角度传感器等设备的人体站立平衡的动态评测系统。足底施加连续正弦波运动激励,增大人体站立时身体的运动幅度,解决了静态站立数据信噪比较低的问题。同时,此方法克服了采用脉冲式足底运动激励对受试者心理造成的负面影响,有利于分析得到人体平衡站立姿态调节的有效运动信息。介绍了所用设备的参数性能,通过分析实验数据说明该人体站立平衡能力评价实验系统可以为人体站立平衡能力的评价提供可靠的实验环境。其次,针对人体站立平衡的复杂生物学控制问题,本论文对中枢神经、前庭器官和骨骼运动系统的生物机能进行了深入分析,建立了相应器官的解析模型,并组合为人体站立平衡保持系统的解析数学模型。通过仿真该模型估计人体的运动数据,分析人体在静态站立和受到外界激励时的调节平衡方式存在的差异,以及人体参数对于平衡调节过程中姿态的影响。该结果为量化人体运动特征作为站立平衡能力定量评价方法奠定了理论基础。再次,针对运动平台对足底的正弦运动波激励幅度难于确定的问题,提出采用建立人体平衡保持系统的辨识模型的办法,用以估计人体在外力扰动条件下的晃动数据,继而获得人体能够承受的外界扰动安全范围。基于T-S模糊模型辨识原理,建立了人体站立保持系统的模糊模型。针对模型训练中模糊C均值聚类法受到聚类初值影响的问题,采用了人工蜂群算法优化聚类初值的分布,提高了模糊模型的训练效率。基于所得模型,获得反应不同类型受试者的平衡调节数据,得到安全的外界激励参数范围,作为实际应用中的指导参数。最后,针对现有的平衡能力评价方法存在敏感度低和临床适用人群范围窄等问题,采用关节角度传感器,测得人体踝、膝和髋关节的站立平衡调节数据,并采用非线性特征量最大Lyapunov指数、关联维数和近似熵,作为评价人体站立平衡能力定量指标。计算了健康青年人、老年人和脑卒中患者的静态站立平衡时间序列的相关特征量。在平台激励条件下,按人体站立的平衡能力表现将青年人分为稳定和不稳定两组,计算了两组受试者在足底多种激励条件下的相应特征量。通过功率谱密度、均值和单因素方差分析法,分析了非线性特征量的评价效果。足底正弦波运动激励使得人体的平衡调节运动特征更加明显;最大Lyapunov指数和关联维数在一定程度上体现了组间差异。
[Abstract]:Evaluation of balance ability is to assess the quantitative stand disorder, primary scientific basis for diagnosis and treatment. The research work has been carried out corresponding quantitative evaluation this paper balance disorders. To evaluate the balance ability of the present method has low sensitivity, high misdiagnosis rate, narrow scope of clinical problems for the crowd, put forward a new strategy for the quantitative evaluation of human standing balance. A continuous sinusoidal acceleration level of body movement interference on the platform by the plantar stimulation, standing balance subjects. The state of motion platform incentive direction, accurate and controllable amplitude and frequency, there will be conducive to the evaluation standard and quantitative analysis method. The main work of this paper has the following several aspects: firstly, the static standing body movement signals obtained in the experiment with a lot of noise problems, including the construction of six free Motion platform, platform motion acquisition, dynamic evaluation system of force platform and joint angle sensors such as a human standing balance. A continuous sine wave motion excitation foot, increase the range of motion of human body standing, to solve the static stand data with low SNR. At the same time, this method overcomes the impulse of foot exercise motivation negative influence on the subjects of psychological causes, is conducive to the analysis of human motion information effectively balanced standing posture regulation. The parameters used in the performance of the equipment, through the analysis of the experimental data provide reliable experiment environment evaluation that the human body balance ability evaluation experimental system for the body balance ability in the second. In view of the complex biological control, human standing balance, the paper on the central nervous system and vestibular organ and skeletal motion system in biological function For in-depth analysis, build the analytical model of the corresponding organs, and combination of human body standing balance analytical mathematical model of the system. Through the simulation of the model to estimate the motion data of the human body, the differences in the static analysis of the human body by external incentive and regulating the balance of the standing mode, and the influence parameters on the balance of human body posture. The results for the quantification of human motion characteristics has laid a theoretical foundation for the quantitative evaluation method of balance ability. Thirdly, according to the sinusoidal motion of the motion platform on foot wave excitation amplitude to determine the problem, proposed the establishment of the human balance system identification model approach to estimate the human body in the data under the condition of shaking force disturbance then, the human body can withstand the disturbance of safety range. T-S fuzzy model identification based on principle, setting up the body to stay upright The fuzzy model of the system. According to the training model of fuzzy C means clustering method by clustering initial influence problem, the distribution of artificial bee colony algorithm to optimize the initial clustering, fuzzy model improves the training efficiency. Based on the model, the equilibrium reaction of different types of subjects adjusting data security external excitation parameters as a guide, parameters in the practical application. Finally, according to the evaluation of balance ability of existing method has the problem of low sensitivity and narrow applicable scope of clinical populations, the joint angle sensor, the measured human ankle, knee and hip balance adjustment data, and using the maximum Lyapunov exponent of the nonlinear characteristics, correlation dimension and approximate entropy as the evaluation body balance ability in quantitative indicators. The health of young people, the calculation of the static balance time sequence of the elderly and patients with stroke related column Features in the platform. Under the condition of incentive, according to the balance ability of the human body standing performance will young people divided into stable and unstable two groups were calculated in two groups of subjects incentive corresponding characteristic under the condition of variety. Foot through power spectrum density, mean and single factor variance analysis method, analysis of the nonlinear characteristics the evaluation of the effect of sine wave motion excitation. Foot makes the body's balance movement characteristic is more obvious; the maximum Lyapunov exponent and correlation dimension reflects the difference between the groups in a certain extent.

【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R33

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