美国围绕胚胎干细胞研究的道德和政治争议

发布时间：2018-03-16 18:18

本文选题：美国社会　切入点：科技政策　出处：《美国研究》2013年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：尽管胚胎干细胞研究所引发的道德、伦理争议是世界性的,但美国是对胚胎干细胞研究争议最为激烈的国家。自从1995年美国国会通过有关胚胎干细胞研究的法律,特别是自小布什政府颁布相关行政命令以来,对胚胎干细胞研究进行监管的政策和法律成为联邦政府推行公共政策时最棘手的问题之一,也是引起美国社会争议和分裂的文化和道德价值观问题之一。与其他西方国家不同,美国围绕胚胎干细胞研究的立法、司法和政策争议主要是围绕联邦政府是否应资助该研究,以及联邦政府是否应将研究限制在现有的胚胎干细胞系内展开的。胚胎干细胞研究之所以在美国引发激烈的争议,宗教和社会保守派的反对、选举政治的驱动、利益集团的游说、联邦制对公共政策的影响是几个重要的原因。它所引发的道德伦理、司法法律、立法和政策争议,已成为美国正在进行的"文化战争"的一个重要组成部分,对美国社会和政治产生了深刻的影响。
[Abstract]:Although ethical and ethical controversies over embryonic stem cell research have been worldwide, the United States has been the most controversial country in terms of embryonic stem cell research. Since 1995, the United States Congress has passed a law on embryonic stem cell research. In particular, since the Bush administration issued the relevant executive order, the policies and laws governing embryonic stem cell research have become one of the thorniest issues in the federal government's public policy. It is also one of the cultural and moral values that cause social controversy and division in the United States. Unlike other Western countries, the legislative, judicial and policy debate in the United States over embryonic stem cell research revolves around whether the federal government should fund the research. And whether the federal government should limit research to existing embryonic stem cell lines. Embryonic stem cell research has sparked fierce controversy in the United States, religious and social conservatives have opposed, and election politics have been driven. The lobbying of interest groups and the influence of federalism on public policy are several important reasons. The ethical, judicial, legal, legislative, and policy disputes it has caused have become an important part of the ongoing "culture war" in the United States. It had a profound impact on American society and politics.
【作者单位】：清华大学中美关系研究中心;
【分类号】：R329;D771.2

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