基于TMS技术探讨平滑追随眼动与注意的关系

发布时间：2018-05-21 13:10

本文选题：平滑追随眼动 + 空间注意　；参考：《电子科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：平滑追随眼动是眼睛跟随运动中的目标物,将感兴趣物体的影像维持在视网膜中央凹的一种眼动方式。平滑追随眼动与注意有密切的联系,且研究发现额叶和顶叶皮层在注意控制中起到重要的作用。但是平滑追随眼动的神经机制多为非人类灵长类的电生理研究,对其人脑方面的神经机制的研究尚处于发展阶段。进一步,平滑追随眼动与注意的关系多采用心理物理学方法,因此欠缺对其神经机制的研究。本文结合经颅磁刺激(TMS)和眼动技术,共设计了3个实验,实验中采用offline的连续theta快速刺激(cTBS)的刺激模式,对额叶眼区和后顶叶皮层以及控制点进行TMS刺激,并采集和分析眼动数据,探讨感兴趣区域在平滑追随眼动与注意中所起的作用。实验一中通过控制运动信号的变化来调节平滑追随所需的注意资源,即采用不同运动信息的视觉刺激驱动平滑追随眼动。结果表明cTBS刺激右侧PPC会减少平滑追随表现中注意需求所引起的差异性,即促进平滑追随眼动中注意资源的释放,使得两种驱动刺激间所需的注意资源总量减少。但是右侧FEF在本实验范式中受到cTBS的影响比较微弱。针对实验一并未直接测量注意任务的缺陷,实验二在平滑追随任务中增加了目标识别任务,采用双任务的实验范式进行研究。结果显示,当cTBS刺激右侧PPC和右侧FEF时,与顶点vertex相比,均促进了朝右的平滑追随眼动的潜伏期,表明对右侧PPC和右侧FEF的刺激加快了同方向的平滑追随眼动中注意的释放。已有研究提示中央凹刺激的消失有助于注意的释放,实验三研究PPC对中央凹刺激的消失所引起的注意释放的调节作用。实验中采用中央凹刺激在注意任务的目标物变化前0ms(no-gap)或者200ms(gap)消失,并结合目标探测任务进行研究。结果发现cTBS刺激右侧PPC减小了追随方向上平稳期速度增益的差值,主要倾向于提高了追随方向朝右时的速度增益,促进了同侧注意资源的释放。在gap后700ms内的速度增益中,对右侧PPC的刺激增大了no-gap和gap间速度增益的差值,促进了中央凹刺激对注意资源的调制,使得gap effect变大。总之,后顶叶皮层在平滑追随眼动和注意中起到一定的促进作用,而额叶眼区虽然也促进了同方向的平滑追随眼动注意的释放,但是其神经机制的研究还需要做进一步的探讨。
[Abstract]:Smooth eye movement is an eye movement mode in which the object of eye following motion maintains the image of the object of interest in the central fovea of the retina. Smooth eye movement is closely related to attention, and frontal and parietal cortex play an important role in attention control. However, the neural mechanism of smooth eye movement is mostly electrophysiological studies of non-human primates, and the study of neural mechanism in human brain is still in the developing stage. Furthermore, the smooth relationship between eye movement and attention is mostly based on psychophysical methods, so there is a lack of research on its neural mechanism. Combined with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and oculomotor technique, three experiments were designed. In the experiment, TMS stimulation was performed on the frontal lobe, posterior parietal cortex and control point by offline's continuous theta rapid stimulation mode. Eye movement data were collected and analyzed to explore the role of region of interest in smooth eye movement and attention. In experiment 1, the attention resources needed for smooth tracking are adjusted by controlling the changes of motion signals, that is, the visual stimuli with different motion information are used to drive smooth eye tracking. The results show that cTBS stimulates the right side PPC to reduce the difference caused by the attention demand in smooth follow performance, that is, to promote the release of attention resources in smooth following eye movement, so as to reduce the total attention resources required between the two kinds of driving stimuli. But the right FEF is slightly affected by cTBS in this paradigm. In view of the defect that the attention task was not directly measured in experiment 1, the target recognition task was added to the smooth pursuit task in experiment 2, and the two-task experimental paradigm was used to study the problem. The results showed that when cTBS stimulated the right PPC and the right FEF, compared with the vertex, both of them promoted the latency of the right smooth eye following eye movement, indicating that the stimulation of the right PPC and the right side FEF accelerated the release of attention in the same direction smoothly following the eye movement. Studies have shown that the disappearance of central fovea stimulation is helpful to the release of attention. Experiment 3 studies the regulatory effect of PPC on the release of attention caused by the disappearance of central fossa stimulation. In the experiment, the central fovea stimulation disappeared before the change of the object of the attention task (0 msno-gapa) or 200ms Gapa), and the study was carried out in combination with the target detection task. The results show that the right side PPC stimulated by cTBS decreases the difference of the velocity gain in the stationary phase in the following direction, which tends to increase the velocity gain in the following direction and promote the release of the ipsilateral attention resources. In the velocity gain of 700ms after gap, the difference between the velocity gain of no-gap and gap is increased by the stimulation of right side PPC, and the modulation of attention resources is promoted by the central foveal stimulus, which makes gap effect bigger. In a word, the posterior parietal cortex plays a certain role in promoting smooth eye movement and attention, while the frontal eye area also promotes the release of smooth follow eye attention in the same direction, but the study of its neural mechanism needs to be further explored.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP391.41;R338

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