不同示范条件下学前自闭症儿童手动作模仿的特征研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 03:15

本文关键词： 自闭症自闭程度手动作模仿示范形式示范视角　出处：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：模仿是一种在观察学习中获取信息并可以有效地让观察者获得动作技能的方式,是正常儿童学习言语语言之前必备的基础技能。近年来关于自闭症儿童动作模仿的研究表明,自闭症儿童存在较为突出的手动作模仿缺陷,并且影响了他们的生活自理、言语语言和社会交往发展。其中,示范条件会影响自闭症儿童的动作模仿。本文在梳理国内外相关研究的基础上,采用自编的无意义手部动作材料进行模仿测试,材料内容具体从两个维度进行设计,一是动作的步骤,分为一步和两步两个水平;二是动作的类型,分为驭物和非驭物两个水平;材料形式从两个维度进行设计,一是动作的示范形式,分为录像和图片两个水平;二是示范视角,分为第一视角和第三视角两个水平。由于不同自闭程度的儿童认知和模仿能力差异较大,在动作模仿中可能呈现出不同的特征,因此,本文将自闭症儿童分为重度和轻中度两个实验组分别进行研究,探讨不同示范形式及示范视角下4～5周岁重度、轻中度自闭症儿童手动作模仿特征,并与正常儿童进行对比,进而根据研究结果为学龄前自闭症儿童手动作模仿训练提出针对性的康复建议,以期更好地促进自闭症儿童的言语语言发展。1.不同示范视角下自闭症儿童手动作模仿的特征研究通过行为观察实验对重度、轻中度自闭症儿童和正常儿童的驭物手动作和非驭物手动作进行测试,分析两种不同示范视角(第一视角、第三视角)对一步手动作和两步手动作模仿成绩的影响。研究结果发现,在一步手动作和两步手动作模仿任务中,自闭症儿童均极显著地落后于正常儿童(p0.01),轻中度自闭症儿童表现出第一视角优于第三视角的特征(p0.01;0.01p0.05)。正常儿童和重度自闭症儿童的一步手动作模仿成绩受示范视角的影响不显著(p0.05),在两步手动作模仿中则表现出第一视角优于第三视角的特征(0.01p0.05)。这一结果提示:自闭症儿童可能存在心智阅读和社会性信息注意方面的缺陷,选择第一视角作为示范视角更有利于自闭症儿童的手动作模仿。2.不同示范形式下自闭症儿童手动作模仿的特征研究根据示范视角对动作模仿成绩的影响研究,得出第一视角是最有利于自闭症儿童动作模仿的示范视角。据此,研究二拟采用第一视角,通过行为实验分析重度自闭症儿童、轻中度自闭症儿童及正常儿童在图片、录像两种示范形式下的手动作模仿成绩。实验结果表明,不论采用何种示范形式,自闭症儿童动作模仿能力均落后于正常儿童(p0.001);在一步手动作任务中,正常儿童的动作模仿成绩受示范形式的影响并不显著(p0.05),但重度及轻中度自闭症儿童的动作模仿成绩均受示范形式影响,表现为录像形式优于图片形式(0.01p0.05;p0.001)。在两步手动作任务中,不论是否要求对动作顺序进行模仿,重度自闭症儿童和正常儿童的动作模仿成绩受示范形式的影响均不显著(p0.05),轻中度自闭症儿童的动作模仿则表现出录像优于图片的特征(p=0.001),提示自闭症儿童存在内化表征能力的不足,录像形式能更好地促进自闭症儿童对动作内容和动作顺序的记忆与模仿。基于以上研究结果,本文探讨了不同示范条件下学龄前重度及轻中度自闭症儿童在不同示范条件下的手动作模仿特征,并以此为依据为学龄前重度及轻中度自闭症儿童临床康复应用中手动作模仿的训练顺序及示范条件的选择提出了针对性的建议。如何更好地利用本研究的成果进行干预训练,为自闭症儿童言语语言康复奠定良好的先备技能,仍是未来需要继续探索的课题。
[Abstract]:Imitation is a kind of information in the observation and learning can effectively make observers obtain the skill, basic skills before normal children learning speech language necessary. Recent studies on children with autism action imitation show that children with autism have more prominent hand imitation defects, and their influence in daily life, verbal and social development. Among them, the demonstration will affect the movement condition of autistic children imitate. Based on the relevant studies at home and abroad, the significance of hand movements by imitation test materials, material specific design from two dimensions, one is the action steps, divided for one step and two step two level; two is the type of action, divided into control and non control two level; material design from two dimensions, one is the demonstration form of action, Video and pictures is divided into two levels; two is divided into the first demonstration angle, angle and third angle two levels. Due to the different degree of the autistic children's cognitive and imitation ability differences in action may show different characteristics, so this paper will imitate, autistic children were divided into severe and mild to moderate two experimental groups were studied respectively, explore the different forms of demonstration and demonstration from the perspective of 4~5 years of age with severe, mild and moderate autistic children with hand movements to mimic the characteristics, and compared with normal children, and according to the research results of preschool autistic children hand movement imitation training for rehabilitation suggestions, in order to promote speech.1. language development from different perspectives demonstration of autistic children of autism in children of hand action imitation through the behavior observation experiments on severe, mild to moderate autistic children and normal children Yu Fabric hand movements and non involved objects hand action test, analysis of two different demonstration Perspective (the first perspective, the third perspective) effect on step two step hand movements and hand motion imitation performance. The results of the study showed that in one step and two step hand hand movement imitation task, children with autism were significant behind normal children (P0.01), mild to moderate autistic children show the characteristics of the first perspective from the perspective of better than third (P0.01; 0.01p0.05). The influence of normal children and severe autism step hand action imitation in children from the perspective of performance demonstration was not significant (P0.05), in the two step of hand action imitation show from the perspective of the characteristics of the first angle is better than third (0.01p0.05). The results suggest that children with autism may exist in mind reading and social information attention defect, select the first point of view as the demonstration perspective is more conducive to the autistic children's Manual For different forms of autism to imitate the.2. demonstration effect of imitation performance on the demonstration analysis from the perspective of characteristics of hand action in children according to imitate, the first view is most conducive to children with autism from the perspective of action demonstration imitation. Accordingly, the research intends to use the first two perspective, through the experimental analysis of behavior of severe autistic children, mild to moderate autism in children and normal children in the pictures, video two demonstration form hand imitation results. Experimental results show that, regardless of the form of demonstration, children with autism action imitation were behind Yu Zheng Chang Ertong (p0.001); in the step of hand movement task, affecting the normal children's imitation performance demonstration form is not significant (P0.05), but severe and mild to moderate autistic children imitating results by demonstration form influence, is better than pictures and video form (0.01p0.05; P0 .001). In the two step hand movement task, whether or not to imitate the action sequence, a severe impact on autistic children and normal children imitate the action performance demonstration form were not significant (P0.05), mild to moderate autistic children imitation is characterized by excellent in video images (p=0.001). That children with autism have insufficient internalized representation ability, video form can better promote the autistic children's memory and imitation of the content and action sequence. Based on the above research results, this paper discusses the different model under the condition of preschool severe and mild to moderate autism hand movements in different demonstration conditions in children imitate the characteristics, and as a basis for preschool severe and mild and moderate autistic children imitate hand action in the application of clinical rehabilitation training sequence and demonstration condition selection and puts forward some suggestions how to better. It is still a task for us to continue to explore and improve the speech and speech rehabilitation of autistic children.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R749.94

【参考文献】