述情障碍的记忆偏好实验研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 15:02

本文选题：述情障碍　切入点：记忆偏好　出处：《济南大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：生活于社会中，我们不得不与其它人交流沟通，而能正确的识别和表达情绪是社会交往的必要前提之一。但在我们周围就存在一类这样的人，他们无法准确的体验和表达自己的情感，平时表现刻板、不灵活、缺乏幽默感和想象力，甚至在交往中表现得紧张焦虑，我们即认为他们存在述情障碍的困扰。述情障碍最初源于对心身疾病患者的临床观察而来，随着研究的深入才逐步引起了其他领域研究者的关注，对述情障碍的定义也经历了相当长的时期，最终从开始定义的“幼稚人格”、“情绪盲”，慢慢完善至Haviland的定义。1996年，Haviland总结了13位该方面专家的意见，将述情障碍定义为“个体在体验和表达情感方面有困难，易焦虑、刻板、不灵活、退缩，缺乏想像力，拘于小节，循舰蹈矩、缺乏洞悉感、不幽默，生活中缺乏个人价值感，其焦虑和紧张主要通过躯体症状表现出来”。述情障碍的这个定义也成为现在最常引用和使用的定义，本文即使用了该定义。现今在述情障碍研究领域，主要分为两大类研究：一类研究主要集中于精神卫生和流行病学方面的研究，另一类研究主要集中于心理学领域的研究。心理学领域的研究细分又可分为两大方向：一个方向研究述情障碍的影响因素，与其他心理健康因素、人格因素、环境因素等的关系；另一个研究方向即研究述情障碍者的产生机制和认知特点，主要通过实验、脑电、核磁共振等方法研究述情障碍的情绪认知缺陷和脑的生理特征。本文以述情障碍的信息加工缺陷理论为理论基础，进行了预实验和正式实验。其中预实验采用现在使用最普遍、信效度表现良好的多伦多述情障碍量表（TAS-20）对464名被试进行了施测，排除不合格的14名被试，总计考察了450名被试。在预实验部分，考察了述情障碍在初中生群体中的分布情况，，发现述情障碍在初中生中的发生率高达23.6%，高于成年人的发生率；述情障碍在初中生群体中不存在性别方面的差异，但存在年级差异，初三学生的述情障碍水平要高于初二学生。正式实验采用E.Prime软件编写研究程序，主要考察了初中生群体中高、低述情障碍者信息加工过程中的记忆差异，结果发现，组别、编码类型、词的效价三者的主效应显著，组别和效价的交互作用显著。初中生群体中高述情障碍者存在记忆偏好现象。这种现象表现为，在两种编码类型下，相较于低述情障碍者，高述情障碍者对疾病关联词的回忆正确率要远远高于情绪词和中性词。实验结果与成年人的实验结果相似，并未表现出年级方面的差异。同时，本次研究结果也从侧面验证了述情障碍的情绪信息加工缺陷理论，也为后续的相关研究提供一定的参考指导。
[Abstract]:Living in society, we have to communicate with other people, and being able to identify and express emotions correctly is one of the necessary prerequisites for social interaction. But there are a class of such people around us. They are unable to experience and express their emotions accurately. They are usually rigid, inflexible, lack of sense of humor and imagination, and even show tension and anxiety in communication. We think that they are troubled by alexithymia. Alexithymia originated from the clinical observation of patients with psychosomatic diseases. With the deepening of the research, it gradually attracted the attention of researchers in other fields, and the definition of alexithymia also experienced a long period of time. Finally, from the beginning of the definition of "immature personality" and "emotional blindness," to the definition of Haviland. In 1996, she summed up the opinions of 13 experts in this field, defining alexithymia as "individuals with difficulties in experiencing and expressing their emotions, which are easily anxious and stereotyped." Inflexible, flinching, lacking in imagination, in small measure, following the rules of the ship, lacking insight, lacking humor, lacking personal worth in life, This definition of alexithymia has become the most commonly cited and used definition of alexithymia, even if it is used in this paper. Nowadays, in the field of alexithymia, there are two main types of research: one is focused on mental health and epidemiology. The other kind of research is mainly focused on the field of psychology. The subdivision of research in the field of psychology can be divided into two main directions: one is to study the influencing factors of alexithymia, and other mental health factors, personality factors, Another research direction is to study the mechanism and cognitive characteristics of alexithymia, mainly through experiments, EEG, MRI and other methods are used to study emotional cognitive defects and brain physiological characteristics of alexithymia. Based on the theory of information processing defects of alexithymia, pre-experiments and formal experiments have been carried out. The Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS-20), which has good reliability and validity, tested 464 subjects, excluding 14 unqualified subjects, and examined the distribution of alexithymia in junior high school students. It was found that the incidence of alexithymia was as high as 23.6in junior high school students, which was higher than that of adults, and there was no gender difference in alexithymia in junior high school students, but there was grade difference in alexithymia. The level of alexithymia in the third grade students is higher than that in the second grade students. The formal experiment uses E. Prime software to write the research program, which mainly examines the memory differences in the information processing process of the high and low alexithymia students in the junior high school students. The main effects of coding type and word titer are significant, and the interaction between group and titer is significant. There is a phenomenon of memory preference among the students with high description disorder in junior high school students. This phenomenon is manifested in the two coding types. Compared with those with low alexithymia, the correct rate of recall of disease related words was much higher in those with high dyslexia than in emotional words and neutral words. The results were similar to those of adults and did not show grade differences. At the same time, The results also verify the theory of emotional information processing defects in alexithymia, and provide some reference for further research.
【学位授予单位】：济南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R749.99

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