孤独症谱系障碍患者的面部表情敏感性缺陷:任务性质的影响与干预启示

发布时间：2018-03-22 23:37

  本文选题：孤独症谱系障碍　切入点：面孔表情　出处：《中国科学:生命科学》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：大量研究指出,孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)患者存在面部表情识别和理解的缺陷,这是患者社会功能受损的核心来源.对面孔表情具有情绪敏感性是理解与识别表情的先决条件,但ASD患者对面部表情的情绪敏感性迄今尚未得到系统分析.本文将ASD与面部表情知觉的相关研究按照实验任务类型进行了分类,发现该领域研究可划分为3种任务类型:外显表情观察任务、引导注视点观察任务和内隐表情观察任务.由此重点对比了ASD患者在3种任务类型下的行为,外周生理反应与脑激活模式.结果发现,ASD患者对面孔表情的情绪敏感性缺陷主要体现在外显表情观察与引导注视点观察任务中.相比上述两种要求被试有意注意面孔表情特征的任务,ASD患者在内隐表情观察任务中能对面部表情表现出与正常被试相似或更大的注意偏向及杏仁核激活.这提示ASD患者并非完全缺乏对面部表情的情绪敏感性;而很可能是在有意注意表情的条件下,该群体的面孔适应困难使之产生了对面孔情绪特征的回避,故无法有效激活以杏仁核为核心的情感神经环路.据此,本文提出了对ASD患者的表情敏感性缺陷的干预设想,即通过无意识地、内隐地训练ASD患者维持对面孔情绪特征的注意很可能会改善其表情敏感性和面孔适应能力,这种方式对于ASD的临床干预和社会能力的提高或将具有重要意义.
[Abstract]:A large number of studies have pointed out that patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have defects in facial expression recognition and understanding, which is the core source of social impairment in patients. Emotional sensitivity to facial expressions is a prerequisite for understanding and recognizing facial expressions. However, the emotional sensitivity of ASD patients to facial expressions has not been systematically analyzed. This paper classifies the relationship between ASD and facial expression perception according to the type of experimental task. It was found that the research in this field can be divided into three types: explicit expression observation task, guided gaze observation task and implicit expression observation task. The results showed that the emotional sensitivity of ASD patients to facial expressions was mainly reflected in the tasks of explicit expression observation and guiding fixation point observation. The task of facial expression characteristics in ASD patients showed similar or greater attention bias to facial expression and activation of amygdala, which suggested that ASD patients were not completely lack of emotional sensitivity to facial expressions. It is very likely that under the condition of conscious attention to facial expression, the difficulty of face adaptation in this group caused the avoidance of facial emotional characteristics, so it could not effectively activate the emotional neural loop with the amygdala as the core. In this paper, we propose an intervention plan for facial expression sensitivity defects in ASD patients, that is, by unconsciously and implicitly training ASD patients to maintain attention to facial emotional characteristics, it is likely to improve their facial sensitivity and face adaptability. This approach may be of great significance to the clinical intervention and the improvement of social ability of ASD.
【作者单位】： 西南大学心理学部认知与人格教育部重点实验室;重庆市第九人民医院孤独症康复治疗中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(批准号:31400906,31671164)资助
【分类号】：R749.94
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本文编号：1650934