湖南农村地区毒品滥用定性与定量调查研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 23:21

本文选题：毒品滥用 + 农村地区　；参考：《中南大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：第一部分湖南农村地区毒品滥用的初步调查目的：比较湖南省农村地区和城市地区毒品滥用的特点和模式的差异。方法：分别收集和分析湖南省5个农村地区和5个城市地区1639例(农村地区827例,城市地区812例)2005年至2008年之间公安部门新登记在册吸毒人员的相关资料,包括一般人口学资料,初次使用毒品的年龄,毒品使用时间,毒资来源,毒品使用类型、方式、剂量,戒毒治疗史,风险行为,违法犯罪记录等结果：相比城市地区,农村地区的吸毒人员年龄较小(31±6.6岁vs.34±8.0岁,p0.001),且男性(86%vs.82%,p0.05)和已婚者(34%vs.27%,p0.01)居多；此外,农村地区的吸毒人员在年龄较小的时候就开始使用毒品(27±5.9岁vs.30±7.9岁,p0.001),并且大多以海洛因为主(53%vs.47%,p0.001),然而违法犯罪率较低(19%vs.31%,p0.001),共用针具((1.8%vs.4.3%,p0.01)和HIV阳性者较少(0.8%vs.2.6%,p0.01),且较少的吸毒人员有过戒毒治疗史(2.8%vs.6.8%,p0.001)。结论：无论在城市还是在农村地区,毒品滥用已成为一个重要的社会问题。然而由于戒毒医疗服务在农村地区的短缺等原因,农村地区吸毒人员获得戒毒治疗的机会甚少,因此我们要重视农村地区戒毒治疗的推广第二部分湖南农村地区的毒品滥用：焦点小组研究目的：从毒品滥用者的角度定性探讨湖南农村地区毒品滥用的模式和特点。方法：采用焦点小组的方法分别对娄底、岳阳和衡阳农村地区的毒品滥用者进行集体访谈(每个焦点小组包括6-7名毒品滥用者,共进行6次焦点小组访谈,每个地区各2次),同时对访谈进行录音和现场记录。然后反复听取录音,逐字逐句将录音转化成文字。采用解释性描述的方法对文字资料进行归纳分析。结果：湖南农村地区的毒品滥用非常流行。新增加的毒品滥用者主要使用新型毒品(以麻古和冰毒最为流行),多种毒品滥用的现象十分普遍；主要的毒品使用方式为烟吸和静脉注射：绝大多数的毒品滥用者是在好奇心和虚荣心的驱使下通过朋友介绍初次接触毒品,认为毒品可以改善抑郁情绪、提高性欲、缓解躯体不适；在农村地区同样很容易获得毒品,贩毒者主要包括绝症患者和长期使用毒品者：农村地区可获得的治疗资源相对较少,以自己在家里戒毒和强制性戒毒为主；社会歧视,无法脱离毒品滥用的社交圈常导致戒毒治疗失败；经济困难和害怕治疗是两大主要的治疗障碍。结论：毒品滥用已成为农村地区的一个重要的社会问题。新型毒品的流行和多种毒品滥用的现象会使农村地区的毒品控制变得更为复杂。政府部门除了加大农村地区戒毒治疗服务的建设外,更应加强新型毒品危害的宣传,改变社会大众对毒品滥用者的态度,给予心理干预,帮助毒品滥用者重新回归社会。第三部分湖南城乡地区毒品滥用的定量研究目的：通过现场问卷调查,比较湖南城乡地区毒品滥用模式和特点以及毒品滥用者的冲动人格、抑郁情绪、睡眠质量和治疗障碍问题的差异,更进一步了解湖南农村地区毒品滥用的情况。方法：采用成瘾严重性指数量表(ASI)、巴瑞特冲动性人格量表(BIS)、CES-D抑郁自评量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)和治疗障碍评定问卷(BTI)对437例毒品滥用者的毒品使用情况、毒品相关问题以及冲动人格、抑郁情绪、睡眠质量和治疗障碍进行调查分析。结果：(1)在农村地区,52.7%的吸毒者在当地第一次接触毒品,25.2%的吸毒者在外地打工时第一次接触毒品；(2)与城市地区相比,农村地区的吸毒者年龄更小(32.4±6.4岁vs.30.9±6.6岁,p0.05),男性占的比例更多(55.2%vs.80.7%,p0.001),已婚率更高(27.3%vs.41.6%,p0.05),受教育程度更低(9.6±3.0vs.8.8±2.5,p0.01)；(3)与城市地区相比,农村地区海洛因和K粉的使用率更高(p0.05),而农村和城市地区冰毒的使用率无显著差异(p=0.167)；(4)农村和城市地区吸毒者的静脉注射毒品率无显著差异(p=0.828),但农村地区吸毒者的共用针具率显著高于城市地区(18.5%vs.7.8%,p0.01)；(5)与城市地区相比,农村地区吸毒者的毒品使用时间较短(5.3±4.2年vs.6.6±5.2年,p0.01)；(6)农村和城市地区吸毒者的治疗次数、未治疗率、强制戒毒治疗率、社区戒毒治疗率,自愿门诊和住院治疗率、无显著统计学差异。仅农村地区吸毒者的MMT治疗率显著低于城市地区(27.1%vs.38.6%,p0.05)；(7)与城市地区相比,农村地区吸毒者的治疗时间与日常工作冲突因子分和治疗场所难以进入因子分更低(p0.05) 结论：研究结果提示毒品滥用已经渗透到农村地区,并已成流行之势。以前去外地打工染毒,再回当地使用的模式已经向当地滋生出毒品滥用者的模式转变；城乡地区吸毒者的戒毒治疗模式基本上一致,强制性戒毒为主要的戒毒治疗方式；农村地区的MMT资源相对缺乏；就农村地区的吸毒者而言,来自治疗时间和日常工作冲突以及治疗场所难以进入(包括经济困难)方面的治疗阻碍更大。因此,我们应针对农村地区毒品滥用的模式和特点,采取合适和有效的措施提高戒毒治疗率,减少复吸。
[Abstract]:The first part is a preliminary investigation of drug abuse in rural areas of Hunan.
Objective: To compare the characteristics and patterns of drug abuse in rural and urban areas of Hunan province.
Methods: the data of new registered drug addicts in 5 rural areas and 5 urban areas in Hunan province (827 rural areas and 812 urban areas) from 2005 to 2008 were collected and analyzed, including the general demographic data, the age of the first use of drugs, the time of drug use, the source of drug use, the use of drugs, and the use of drugs. Type, mode, dosage, history of drug treatment, risk behavior, criminal record, etc.
Results: compared to urban areas, the age of drug addicts in rural areas was smaller (31 + 6.6 years old vs.34 + 8 years old, p0.001), and male (86%vs.82%, P0.05) and married people (34%vs.27%, P0.01) were most; in addition, drug addicts in rural areas began to use drugs at the age of younger (27 + 5.9 years vs.30 + 7.9 years, p0.001), and most of them were in halo. Because the 53%vs.47% (p0.001), however, the rate of crime is low (19%vs.31%, p0.001), the common needle (1.8%vs.4.3%, P0.01) and HIV positive people are less (0.8%vs.2.6%, P0.01), and fewer drug addicts have a history of drug treatment (2.8%vs.6.8%, p0.001).
Conclusion: drug abuse has become an important social problem in both urban and rural areas. However, because of the shortage of medical service in rural areas, drug addicts in rural areas have little chance to get drug treatment. Therefore, we should pay attention to the promotion of drug treatment in rural areas.
The second part is drug abuse in rural areas of Hunan: focus group study.
Objective: To explore the patterns and characteristics of drug abuse in rural areas of Hunan from the perspective of drug abusers.
Methods: a group of focus groups were used to conduct collective interviews with drug abusers in Loudi, Yueyang and Hengyang (each focus group, including 6-7 drug abusers, 6 focus group interviews, 2 times in each area), recording and recording interviews at the same time. The recording is translated into text. The text is analyzed by interpretive description.
The result: drug abuse in rural areas of Hunan is very popular. The new drug abusers are mainly using new drugs (the most popular with narcotic and ice poison), and many kinds of drug abuse are common; the main use of drugs is smoking and intravenous injection: the overwhelming majority of drug abusers are in curiosity and vanity. By introducing first exposure to drugs by friends, it is believed that drugs can improve depression, sexual desire, and somatic discomfort; drugs are also readily available in rural areas, and drug traffickers mainly include terminally ill patients and long-term drug users: less resources available in rural areas, detoxification and coercion at home. Sexual detoxification is the main factor; social discrimination, which can not be separated from the social circle of drug abuse, often leads to the failure of drug treatment, and economic difficulties and fear of treatment are the two major treatment barriers.
Conclusion: drug abuse has become an important social problem in rural areas. The epidemic of new drugs and the phenomenon of a variety of drug abuse will make the drug control more complex in rural areas. In addition to increasing the construction of drug treatment services in rural areas, the government departments should strengthen the propaganda of new drug hazards and change the society. Many people give psychological intervention to drug abusers' attitudes to help drug abusers return to society.
The third part is quantitative research on drug abuse in urban and rural areas of Hunan.
Objective: To compare the patterns and characteristics of drug abuse in urban and rural areas of Hunan, and to compare the differences in the impulsive personality, depression, sleep quality and treatment barriers of drug abusers, and further understand the drug abuse in rural areas of Hunan.
Methods: the Addiction Severity Index Scale (ASI), the Barrett impulsive personality scale (BIS), the CES-D self rating depression scale, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and the treatment disorder assessment questionnaire (BTI) were used for drug use, drug related problems and impulsive personality, depression, sleep quality and treatment disability in 437 drug abusers. The obstruction was investigated and analyzed.
Results: (1) in rural areas, 52.7% of the drug addicts were first exposed to drugs in the local area, and 25.2% of the drug users were first exposed to drugs in the field. (2) compared with the urban areas, the drug addicts in the rural areas were younger (32.4 + 6.4 years vs.30.9 + 6.6, P0.05), and the proportion of men was more (55.2%vs.80.7%, p0.001), and the married rate was higher (27.3). %vs.41.6%, P0.05), lower education (9.6 + 3.0vs.8.8 + 2.5, P0.01); (3) compared with urban areas, the use of heroin and k powder in rural areas is higher (P0.05), but there is no significant difference in the use rate of ice in rural and urban areas (p=0.167); (4) there is no significant difference between the drug rate of drug users in rural and urban areas (p=0.828). However, the sharing needle rate of drug addicts in rural areas was significantly higher than that in urban areas (18.5%vs.7.8%, P0.01); (5) the drug use time of drug addicts in rural areas was shorter than that in urban areas (5.3 + 4.2 years vs.6.6 + 5.2 years, P0.01); (6) the treatment times of drug addicts in rural and urban areas, the rate of untreated treatment, the rate of compulsory detoxification, and community drug treatment treatment. There was no significant difference in the rate of treatment, voluntary outpatient and hospitalization rates. Only the MMT rate of drug addicts in rural areas was significantly lower than that in urban areas (27.1%vs.38.6%, P0.05). (7) compared with urban areas, the treatment time of drug addicts in rural areas was lower than that of daily work conflict factors and the treatment sites were difficult to enter the factor (P0.05).
Conclusion: the results suggest that drug abuse has penetrated into the rural areas and has become a popular trend. The pattern of drug abusers who had gone to the field and then returned to local use had changed the pattern of drug abusers. The drug addicts in urban and rural areas were basically the same, and compulsory detoxification was the main treatment for drug abstinence. Methods: the MMT resources in rural areas are relatively lack; for drug users in rural areas, treatment time and daily work conflict and treatment places difficult to enter (including economic difficulties) are more obstructed. Therefore, we should take appropriate and effective measures against the patterns and characteristics of drug abuse in rural areas. The rate of high abstinence treatment and reduction of relapse.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R749.64

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