抑郁倾向对结果评价的影响及其脑机制

发布时间：2018-05-29 02:22

本文选题：结果评价 + 抑郁　；参考：《成都医学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在决策结果形成之前,决策者对具体结果会产生心理预期,随后以这种结果预期为标准,来与实际结果相比较,评价实际结果的好坏。反事实思维就是将现实结果与可能结果进行比较的思维过程,与更好还是更差的预期结果相比较,将影响对现实结果的评价。基于Beck关于抑郁的情感障碍认知图式理论,高抑郁者倾向于负性预期。因此,本研究假设抑郁水平将影响结果预期,高抑郁水平被试倾向于负性预期,将现实结果与较好的预期结果相比较的上行反事实思维减弱,表现在脑电结果上为与结果评价有关的脑电成分波幅减弱。因此,本研究将通过抑郁水平对于结果评价相关的反事实思维的影响,来探索高抑郁水平被试负性结果评价以及与情绪调节障碍的脑机制。目的通过全面地比较高、低抑郁水平个体在不同情境(正性、负性、中性)下的结果评价神经反应(均以FRN和P300为主要考察对象),探索抑郁水平对结果预期、反事实思维影响的心理特点。材料与方法本研究采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)筛选出高抑郁组20人,低抑郁组20人。所有被试完成一个改编的金钱激励延迟任务(Monetary Incentive Delay Task,MID),并使用事件相关电位(event-related potential)技术记录被试在任务中线索刺激和反馈结果刺激诱发的脑电数据(主要是FRN和P300成分)。结果实验一的结果:正常个体对奖赏和惩罚线索刺激诱发的FRN和P300没有显著差异。对于反馈结果诱发的FRN波幅,负性反馈结果大于正性反馈结果;对于反馈结果诱发的P300波幅,正性结果大于负性结果。实验二的结果:对于零值、奖赏、惩罚情境线索诱发的FRN波幅,低抑郁组奖赏线索和惩罚线索没有差异;高抑郁组惩罚线索比奖赏线索诱发的FRN波幅更大。高抑郁组惩罚线索诱发的FRN波幅大于低抑郁组。在反馈刺激加工阶段,高、低抑郁组在负性反馈结果诱发的FRN波幅上有差异,低抑郁组3种接近性结果FRN波幅差异均不显著,高抑郁组在近-接近性结果的FRN波幅小于远-接近性和中-接近性结果反馈的FRN,且高抑郁组在负性近-接近性结果上的FRN波幅小于低抑郁组。结论情境线索诱发的FRN波幅,表明高抑郁组对惩罚更敏感;与此对应,只有在惩罚反馈(负性反馈)条件下,观察到高低抑郁组有差异,高抑郁组对“近接近性”惩罚反馈(“差一点赢”,表示上行反事实思维)比低抑郁组FRN波幅小,表明高抑郁上行反事实思维减弱。抑郁水平减弱上行反事实思维。
[Abstract]:Before the decision result comes into being, the decision maker will produce psychological expectation on the concrete result, and then take this kind of result expectation as the criterion to compare with the actual result and evaluate the actual result. Counterfactual thinking is the thinking process of comparing the realistic result with the possible result, and comparing with the better or worse expected result, which will affect the evaluation of the realistic result. Based on Beck's cognitive schema theory of depression, high depression patients tend to have negative expectations. Therefore, this study assumes that the depression level will affect the outcome expectation, the subjects with high depression level tend to negative expectations, and the upward counterfactual thinking of comparing the realistic results with the better expected results is weakened. The results of EEG showed that the amplitude of EEG components related to outcome evaluation was decreased. Therefore, the present study will explore the negative outcome evaluation and the brain mechanism of mood regulation disorders in subjects with high depression level through the influence of depression level on the counterfactual thinking related to outcome evaluation. Objective to evaluate the neurological responses of individuals with high and low levels of depression (both FRN and P300) by comparing the results of different situations (positive, negative, neutral) in order to explore the expectation of depression. The psychological characteristics of counterfactual thinking. Materials and methods 20 patients with high depression and 20 patients with low depression were selected by self-rating depression scale (SDS). All the subjects completed an adapted Incentive Delay task and used event-related potentialtechnology to record EEG data (mainly FRN and P300 components) induced by clue stimulation and feedback stimulation. Results the results of experiment 1 showed that there was no significant difference between FRN and P300 induced by reward and punishment cues in normal individuals. For the FRN amplitude induced by the feedback results, the negative feedback results are larger than the positive feedback results, and for the P300 wave amplitudes induced by the feedback results, the positive results are larger than the negative ones. The results of experiment 2 showed that there was no difference between the FRN amplitude induced by zero value, reward, punishment situation cues, reward cues and punishment cues in low depression group, while the FRN amplitude was higher in high depression group than in reward cues. The amplitude of FRN induced by punishment cues in high depression group was higher than that in low depression group. In the process of feedback stimulation, there were differences in the amplitude of FRN induced by negative feedback in the high and low depression groups, but there was no significant difference in the FRN amplitude among the three similar results in the low depression group. The amplitude of FRN in high depression group was smaller than that in far close and middle approach results, and the amplitude of FRN in high depression group was lower than that in low depression group. Conclusion the amplitude of FRN induced by situational cues indicates that high depression group is more sensitive to punishment, and only under the condition of penalty feedback (negative feedback), there are differences between high and low depression groups. The FRN amplitude of the high depression group was lower than that of the low depression group, indicating that the uplink counterfactual thinking was weaker in the high depression group than in the low depression group. Depression weakens upward counterfactual thinking.
【学位授予单位】：成都医学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R749.4

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