考前抑郁和应对方式的相互影响及其现实意义

发布时间：2018-07-24 14:53

【摘要】：抑郁是导致人类心理失调最常见和最主要的原因之一,也是21世纪影响青少年身心健康的主要危险因素。由于抑郁的广泛性和危害性,心理学家对抑郁做了大量的研究,发现抑郁会严重威胁中学生的心理健康,并影响青少年健全人格的形成与发展。然而,在我国应试教育的大背景下,考试作为一种压力事件己经且正在严重影响学生的抑郁状态,其中考前抑郁是研究者常常忽视的问题。已有研究显示抑郁和应对方式可能是相互影响的,然而以往的很多研究都只是强调应对方式对抑郁的影响,忽略了抑郁对应对方式的作用。经过查阅文献发现国内外探讨抑郁和应对方式双向关系的研究大都是横断研究,并不能说明两者的因果关系。同时关于考前心理辅导的现有研究大多是针对考前心理问题(包括抑郁)的原因、危害,考前心理辅导的内容及方法等方面的横断研究,对考前辅导时间点的研究比较缺乏。本研究基于抑郁的素质-应激模型、应激激发模型和拉扎勒斯的压力-应对模型,结合高中生所处考试压力的现实环境,以榆林市某中学高一年级四个班的学生为被试,运用自评抑郁量表和应对方式量表对其考前抑郁和应对方式状况进行两次追踪测查(调查时间为考前第三周和考前第一周),希望揭示高中生考前抑郁和应对方式的相互关系,验证抑郁的两种理论模型,为确定最佳的考前心理辅导时间提供一定的理论补充和实践思路。本研究的主要发现如下：1.对185名高中生的调查研究显示,考前抑郁在高中生中已经普遍存在,高中生的抑郁检出率在考试前三周时为42%,在考试前一周时为49%；考试前一周学生抑郁的人数显著高于考试前三周的人数。2.男女生在考前抑郁水平和应对方式上存在差异：在考试前三周时女生的抑郁水平比男生高,而在考试前一周时男女生的抑郁水平没有显著差异。男生比女生会更多地采用任务定向的应对方式,在情绪定向和逃避定向的应对方式上没有显著区别。3.应对方式在考试前三周和一周时的差异：和考试前三周相比,学生在考试前一周会更少地采用任务定向和逃避定向的应对方式,更多地采用情绪定向的应对方式。4.采用情绪定向应对方式的高中生也会更多的采用逃避定向的应对方式；采用任务定向应对方式的高中生其抑郁水平较低,而采用情绪定向应对方式的高中生其抑郁水平则相对较高。5.考前抑郁和应对方式存在因果关系：考试前三周的抑郁情绪会影响学生更多地使用情绪定向和逃避定向的应对方式,也可能会更少地使用任务定向的应对方式。同时,对逃避定向应对方式的影响上,男女生之间存在差异：考试前第三周的抑郁情绪可以预测考试前一周男生逃避定向的应对方式,却不能预测女生的。该结果进一步验证了抑郁应激激发模型及其因果效应取向。针对本研究结果,我们提出如下教育启示：1.对于学生考前抑郁情绪的辅导和调节工作至少应在考试前三周进行,才可能有效的降低抑郁水平、减少其消极影响；干预的时间太晚,可能就来不及扭转抑郁的消极影响。2.在平时的抑郁和应对方式的辅导工作上,要对女生进行更多地关注和引导,使其养成良好的应对习惯,保持情绪的积极稳定,从而提高心理健康水平；而在考试前的辅导工作上,尤其要关注男生在面临考试前的表现,并及时地给予正确的引导和帮助,使其能更好的去管理自己的情绪,积极应对考试。
[Abstract]:Depression is one of the most common and most important causes of human mental disorders. It is also the main risk factor affecting the physical and mental health of young people in twenty-first Century. Due to the widespread and harmfulness of depression, psychologists have done a lot of research on depression. It is found that depression will seriously threaten the mental health of middle school students and affect the healthy personality of young people. However, under the background of the test education in China, the test as a kind of stress event has seriously affected the depression state of the students, in which the depression is often overlooked by the researchers. The effect of coping style on depression and the effect of depression on coping style was ignored. After consulting the literature, it was found that the research on the relationship between depression and coping styles at home and abroad was mostly transection research, which did not explain the causal relationship between the two. The reason, the harm, the content and the method of the psychological counselling before the examination, the study of the time point of the preexamination guidance, the research based on the depression quality stress model, the stressful model and Lazarus's stress coping model, combined with the actual environment of the high school students' test pressure, is based on a middle school in Yulin. The students of the four classes in the first grade were tested by the self rating depression scale and the coping style scale to track the depression and coping styles before examination (the time was third weeks before the exam and the first week before the exam), hoping to reveal the relationship between the depression and coping styles before the senior high school students, and to verify the two theoretical models of depression. The main findings of this study are as follows: 1. a survey of 185 senior high school students showed that depression was prevalent among senior high school students, the prevalence of depression in high school students was 42% at three weeks before the test and 49% in the first week before the test; The number of depressed students in the previous week was significantly higher than the number of.2. men and women in the three weeks before the test. The depression level and coping style before the examination were different: the depression level of the girls was higher than that of the boys at the three weeks before the test, but there was no significant difference in the depression level of the Zhou Shinan girls before the test. The boys would use more task orientation than the girls. There is no significant difference in the coping style between the three weeks and the one week before the test. Compared with the first three weeks before the test, the students will use less task oriented and avoidance coping styles in the first week before the test, and more use the emotional oriented coping style.4. to pick up the.3. coping style. High school students who use emotion oriented coping style also use avoidance oriented coping style; high school students with task oriented coping style have lower depression level, while high school students with emotional coping style have a higher depression level than.5. depression and coping style: three weeks before the test. Depressive mood affects students' use of more emotional and avoidance responses, and may also use less task oriented coping styles. At the same time, there is a difference in the impact of avoidance orientation. The third weeks of depression before the test can predict the boys' avoidance of orientation a week before the exam. In response to the results of this study, we put forward the following educational implications: 1. at least three weeks before the exam, it is possible to reduce the level of depression effectively and reduce the level of depression. Less negative influence; the time of intervention is too late, it may be too late to reverse the negative effects of depression..2. should pay more attention and guidance to the girls in the normal depression and coping style, make them develop good coping habits, keep positive emotional stability and improve their mental health, and before the exam. In the coaching work, we should pay special attention to the performance of the boys before the exam, and give them the correct guidance and help in time so that they can better manage their emotions and respond positively to the exam.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R749.4

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