安徽省某高职院校大学生焦虑抑郁现状研究

发布时间：2018-08-20 13:41

【摘要】：研究背景“十三五”时期是全面建成小康社会的关键时期,发展是第一要务,经济发展需要一大批具备技能的职业人员。教育部规划,到2020年,专科层次职业教育在校生数1480万人。培养高素质劳动者,已经成为共识,拥有1000万以上的高职院校学生的规模,使高职教育占了我国高等教育的半壁江山。在此背景下,让我们更多的关注高职院校,关注高职学生。学生们的心理健康问题引起了足够的重视,高职院校大学生心理问题特别是焦虑抑郁问题非常常见,甚至出现一系列问题,且目前缺少一套适合高职学生行之有效心理健康教育方法。需要通过不断研究找到适合高职院校学生心理健康教育的方法。本研究从对高职院校在校生焦虑抑郁现状入手,分析焦虑与抑郁的影响因素,提出对策和建议。研究目的了解样本高职院校的在校生焦虑抑郁现状；分析此高职院校学生焦虑抑郁相关影响因素；对此高职院校的学生心理问题提供对策建议,减少焦虑抑郁发生；为更多的高职院校学生心理健康教育特别是焦虑抑郁问题提供依据。资料与方法本研究采用分层整群抽样的方法,选取了安徽省某高职院校一年级、二年级在校学生共550人,使用统一指导语,现场发放并回收调查问卷(包含学生一般情况、焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表),调查学生们的焦虑抑郁状况,使用Excel电子表格建立数据库,同时进行数据整理工作,使用SPSS20.0软件包做数据处理和分析(包括t检验、方差分析、卡方检验等)。结果分析结果显示,大学生抑郁所占比例为22.36%,焦虑比例为8%。通过pearson相关分析显示：调查学生的抑郁与焦虑的发生有相关性。单因素分析：家庭月收入5000元以上焦虑检出率高于家庭月收入5000元以下,有统计学意义；对学校管理以及学校环境不满意焦虑检出率高于满意的同学,有统计学意义；大二学生焦虑水平高于大一学生,有统计学意义；21岁及以上学生焦虑水平高于20岁以下学生,有统计学意义；家庭月收入5000元以上焦虑水平高于家庭月收入5000元以下,有统计学意义；对学校管理以及学校环境不满意焦虑水平高于满意的同学,有统计学意义；单因素性别不同、独生子女与否、生源地不同对焦虑状况没有显著差异性。三种不同感情状态的焦虑状况差异显著：从未恋爱的焦虑水平低于曾经恋爱的同学；从未恋爱的焦虑水平低于正在恋爱的同学；曾经恋爱的焦虑发生与正在恋爱的焦虑水平没有差异性。单因素分析：家庭月收入5000元以上抑郁检出率高于家庭月收入5000元以下；对学校环境不满意抑郁检出率高于满意的同学,有统计学意义；家庭月收入5000元以上抑郁水平高于家庭月收入5000元以下,有统计学意义；单因素中性别不同、独生子女与否、年级不同、生源地不同、出生年份不同、对学校管理满意与否对抑郁状况没有显著差异性；三种不同感情状态抑郁状况差异显著：从未恋爱的抑郁水平低于曾经恋爱的同学；从未恋爱的抑郁水平低于正在恋爱的同学；曾经恋爱的抑郁水平与正在恋爱的抑郁发生没有差异性。结论与建议高职院校大学生存在一定程度的抑郁、焦虑现象,应引起足够的重视；学生的抑郁与焦虑的发生有相关性。家庭月收入、对学校管理以及学校环境满意与否、年级不同、年龄不同对焦虑有显著差异性；家庭月收入高低与抑郁状况差异显著；三种不同的感情状态(正在恋爱、从未恋爱、曾经恋爱),对焦虑和抑郁状况均有差异。针对以上因素,提出建议：学生方面：1)学会自我调适,正确定位；2)掌握扎实的专业知识、专业技能,提高自身素质,做好就业准备；3)树立正确的是非观、就业观、恋爱观、价值观、人生观。学校方面：1)建立高素质的辅导员队伍,建设高素质心理健康教育队伍,积极开展健康教育活动,建立有效的心理问题干预机制；2)准确把握高职学生特点,不断提升管理水平,做到管理方法科学有效得当；3)建设美好学校环境,进一步优化人文环境。社会方面：1)完善毕业生就业机制,提供适合高职毕业生的就业机会；2)提高对高职学生社会认可度,纠正对现阶段高职学生片面认识；3)广泛参与,共同努力,重点关注有效减少学生们不良心理事件发生。
[Abstract]:Research Background The 13th Five-Year Plan period is the key period for building a well-off society in an all-round way. Development is the first priority. Economic development requires a large number of skilled professionals. In this context, let us pay more attention to higher vocational colleges and pay more attention to higher vocational students. Students'mental health problems have aroused enough attention. Psychological problems of Higher Vocational College students, especially anxiety and depression, are very common, and even a series of problems have appeared. This study starts with the current situation of anxiety and depression in Vocational College students, analyzes the influencing factors of anxiety and depression, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions. To understand the status quo of anxiety and depression of students in sample vocational colleges; to analyze the related factors of anxiety and depression of students in this vocational college; to provide countermeasures and suggestions to reduce the occurrence of anxiety and depression of students in this vocational college; to provide basis for more vocational college students'psychological health education, especially anxiety and depression problems. Methods A total of 550 freshmen and sophomores from a vocational college in Anhui Province were selected by stratified cluster sampling. The questionnaires (including general situation of students, self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale) were distributed and collected on the spot using the unified instructions. The anxiety and depression status of the students were investigated by using Excel electronic. SPSS20.0 software package was used for data processing and analysis (including t test, variance analysis, chi-square test and so on). The results showed that the proportion of depression and anxiety was 22.36% and 8% respectively. Univariate analysis: the detection rate of anxiety in family income above 5000 yuan per month is higher than that in family income below 5000 yuan per month, with statistical significance; the detection rate of anxiety in school management and school environment is higher than that of satisfied students, with statistical significance; the anxiety level of sophomores is higher than that of freshmen, with statistical significance; The anxiety level of the students above and above is higher than that of the students under 20 years old, which has statistical significance; the anxiety level of the family income above 5000 yuan is higher than that of the family income below 5000 yuan, which has statistical significance; the anxiety level of the school management and the school environment is higher than that of the students who are satisfied, which has statistical significance; the single factor gender is different, the only child. There was no significant difference among the three different emotional states: the anxiety level of the students who had never been in love was lower than that of the students who had been in love; the anxiety level of the students who had never been in love was lower than that of the students who were in love; and the anxiety level of the students who had been in love had no difference with the anxiety level of the students who were in love. Univariate analysis showed that the prevalence of depression in families with monthly income of more than 5 000 yuan was higher than that in families with monthly income of less than 5 000 yuan; the prevalence of depression in schools with unsatisfactory environment was higher than that in students with satisfaction, with statistical significance; the level of depression in families with monthly income of more than 5 000 yuan was higher than that in families with monthly income of less than 5 000 yuan, with statistical significance; and gender was not Similarly, there is no significant difference in the degree of depression among the three different emotional states: the level of depression in never falling in love is lower than that in ever falling in love; the level of depression in never falling in love is lower than that of students in love. Conclusion There is a certain degree of depression and anxiety among college students in Higher Vocational colleges, which should be paid enough attention to. There is a correlation between depression and anxiety among students. Similarly, different ages have significant differences in anxiety, family monthly income and depression, and three different emotional states (being in love, never falling in love, ever falling in love) have differences in anxiety and depression. Practical professional knowledge, professional skills, improve their own quality, ready for employment; 3) Set up a correct concept of right and wrong, employment, love, values, outlook on life. School: 1) Establish a high-quality counselor team, build a high-quality mental health education team, actively carry out health education activities, establish an effective psychological problem intervention machine 2) accurately grasp the characteristics of Higher Vocational students, constantly improve the management level, to achieve scientific and effective management methods; 3) to build a better school environment, further optimize the humanistic environment. Social aspects: 1) improve the employment mechanism for graduates, provide employment opportunities for Higher Vocational graduates; 2) improve the social recognition of Higher Vocational students, correct the existing situation. 3) Widely participate in the joint efforts, focusing on effectively reducing the occurrence of adverse psychological events among students.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R749

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