益智活动对老年人认知功能的影响

发布时间：2018-11-13 08:09

【摘要】：目的观察参加益智活动对老年人认知功能的影响。方法在健康体检人群内进行抽样横断面调查和纵向随访研究。益智组92例(年龄大于或等于60岁),经常参加下列活动中任何一项或多项,持续时间达5年及以上:象棋、围棋、麻将、扑克、跳棋、书法、绘画及阅读等,参加的频率至少每周2次。筛选性别、年龄、文化程度匹配的健康体检者92例为对照组,对照组均不参加上述益智活动或偶尔参加,未达到前述标准。入选者均无基线认知功能损害,排除继续参加工作者。采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、简易精神状态评定量表(MMSE)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)、自制问卷调查等方法进行评定。1年后健康体检时,对两组人员再次使用上述量表进行评估,观察两组评分变化。结果入组时,两组人员MoCA、MMSE、ADL评分差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);1年后,益智组与对照组MMSE、ADL评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。MoCA评分显示益智组有2例(2.2%)低于认知损害的临界值,对照组有6例(6.5%)低于认知损害的临界值,达到轻度认知功能损害(MCI)的标准,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论益智活动可能对预防老年人认知功能的下降有益,MoCA更适于轻度认知功能障碍的筛查。
[Abstract]:Objective to observe the effect of educational activities on the cognitive function of the elderly. Methods sampling cross-sectional investigation and longitudinal follow-up study were carried out in healthy people. In the puzzle group, 92 patients (over or equal to 60 years of age) often participated in any one or more of the following activities for a period of five years or more: chess, go, mahjong, poker, checkers, calligraphy, painting and reading, etc. Attend at least twice a week. 92 healthy persons with matched sex, age and education level were selected as the control group. The control group did not participate in the above educational activities or occasionally participated, and did not meet the above criteria. No baseline cognitive impairment was found in all participants, and continued participation was excluded. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale (MoCA), the Mini-Mental State scale (MMSE), the ability of Daily living scale (ADL), and the self-made questionnaire were used to evaluate them. The two groups were evaluated with the above scale again and the changes of the two groups were observed. Results there was no significant difference in MoCA,MMSE,ADL score between the two groups (P0.05). After one year, there was no significant difference in MMSE,ADL score between the educational group and the control group (P0.05). MoCA score showed that 2 cases (2.2%) in the educational group were lower than the threshold of cognitive impairment. In the control group, 6 cases (6.5%) were lower than the threshold of cognitive impairment, which reached the standard of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P0.05). Conclusion Educational activities may be beneficial to prevent the decline of cognitive function in the elderly, and MoCA is more suitable for screening mild cognitive impairment.
【作者单位】：重庆市第三人民医院老年科;
【基金】：重庆市卫生局科技计划项目(2012-2-222)
【分类号】：R749.1

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