精神病患者医院感染的影响因素分析

发布时间：2019-03-04 11:40

【摘要】：目的探讨精神病患者医院感染的有关因素,为制订干预措施提供依据。方法对2014年1月-2015年12月住医院精神科的患者进行调查研究,采用各科室上报的感染报表为基本数据,在研究前对相应的病例作进一步核对后将感染病例与非感染病例的影响因素进行对照研究并进行统计分析。结果 8 618例住院、出院患者中发生医院感染197例,感染率为2.29%;感染例次254次,例次感染率为2.95%;主要感染病种为精神分裂症(36.55%)和老年痴呆(14.72%),感染科室集中在重精神病区;感染部位以呼吸道(65.75%)和泌尿道(12.60%)为主;检测病原菌72株,以革兰阴性菌为主,抗菌药物使用率为17.06%。结论住院时间长,年龄大,合并躯体疾病,病区环境不良及个人卫生差是发生感染的危险因素,侵入性操作增加了感染机会,改善住院环境,精准治疗,清除症状,规范侵入性操作,科学管理,创新治疗方法,合理使用抗菌药物是预防和控制医院感染的重要措施。
[Abstract]:Objective to explore the related factors of nosocomial infection in patients with mental illness, and to provide the basis for making intervention measures. Methods from January 2014 to December 2015, the patients admitted to the psychiatric department of the hospital were investigated and studied. The reports of infection reported by various departments were used as the basic data. After further checking the corresponding cases before the study, the influential factors of infected cases and non-infected cases were compared and analyzed statistically. Results among the 8 618 hospitalized patients, 197 cases (2.29%) had nosocomial infection, 254 cases (2.95%) were infected, and the infection rate was 2.29%. The main types of infection were schizophrenia (36.55%) and senile dementia (14.72%), and the main infection areas were respiratory tract (65.75%) and urinary tract (12.60%), and the main infection sites were respiratory tract (65.75%) and urinary tract (12.60%). 72 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected, mainly Gram-negative bacteria, and the usage rate of antimicrobial agents was 17.06%. Conclusion the risk factors of infection are long hospitalization time, age, complicated physical disease, poor environment and poor personal hygiene. Invasive operation increases the chance of infection, improves the hospitalized environment, accurate treatment and clear the symptoms. Standardized invasive operation, scientific management, innovative treatment and rational use of antibiotics are important measures to prevent and control nosocomial infection.
【作者单位】：全军精神医学中心第102医院感染管理质量控制科;
【基金】：全军心理学重点资助课题(12XLZ108)
【分类号】：R197.323;R749

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