前脉冲抑制在自闭症研究中的进展和展望

发布时间：2019-04-03 07:30

【摘要】：惊反射的前脉冲抑制(prepulse inhibition,PPI)是指当引发惊反射的强刺激之前出现了一个弱刺激(即前脉冲刺激)时,该弱刺激对惊反射有显著的抑制作用。PPI是一种大脑适应复杂环境的感觉运动门控过程,通过减弱惊反射使得由前脉冲刺激所引发的中枢加工活动得到保护。自闭症患者不仅存在感觉运动门控机制的缺失,还伴随注意加工的损害。但是对自闭症患者是否存在PPI的缺失还存在争议,这与患者的年龄、性别、疾病严重程度以及实验参数有关。前人的研究仅涉及对自闭症患者低水平门控机制的探讨,未探究自闭症患者高级认知加工过程是否存在缺损。本综述重点探讨注意和情绪等高级认知活动对PPI的调节作用,通过引入恐惧条件化和知觉空间分离去掩蔽范式,考察自闭症高级认知过程与门控机制之间的交互作用。
[Abstract]:The pre-pulse suppression (prepulse inhibition,PPI) of a convulsive reflex is when a weak stimulus (that is, a pre-pulse stimulus) occurs before the strong stimulus that triggers the shock reflex. PPI is a sensorimotor gating process that adapts to complex environments. PPI protects the central processing activity induced by pre-pulse stimulation by weakening the convulsive reflex. Autistic patients have not only the absence of sensory and motor gating mechanism, but also the damage of attention processing. But the absence of PPI in autistic patients remains controversial, depending on the patient's age, gender, severity of the disease and the parameters of the experiment. Previous studies only discussed the mechanism of low-level gating in autistic patients, and did not explore whether there was a defect in the advanced cognitive processing of autistic patients. This review focuses on the regulation of PPI by higher cognitive activities such as attention and emotion. By introducing fear conditioning and perceptual spatial separation to masking paradigm, the interaction between advanced cognitive process and gating mechanism of autism is investigated.
【作者单位】：北京大学心理学系言语和听觉研究中心机器感知与智能教育部重点实验室北京脑重大疾病研究院;
【基金】：supported by the National Basic Research Development Program(973 Program) of China(No.2011CB707805)
【分类号】：R749.94

【共引文献】