宁夏居民期望寿命及其影响因素研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 19:16

本文关键词：宁夏居民期望寿命及其影响因素研究　出处：《宁夏医科大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的了解宁夏居民期望寿命，定量研究影响居民期望寿命的主要危险因素，为降低我区疾病负担，提高人群期望寿命，制定主要危险因素的防控策略和措施提供科学依据。方法根据宁夏2010年居民死亡监测数据，在全区开展死亡漏报调查，结合死亡漏报率计算人群期望寿命；使用多阶段抽样，用问卷调查及实验室检测获得影响期望寿命的主要危险因素人群暴露率，结合文献采用归因法计算人群归因分值（PAF），并计算去高危因素人群期望寿命增寿年数。结果1.全区2009～2012年死因漏报率22.202%，，五个市死亡漏报率差异有统计学意义（χ~2=69.137，P=0.0000.05），其中固原市死亡漏报率最高，银川市死亡漏报率最低；2010年宁夏粗死亡率339.55/10万（标化死亡率332.89/10万），男性高于女性（χ~2=938.436，P=0.0000.05），调整后死亡率436.45/10万（标化死亡率427.89/10万）；死因以慢病为主，占主要死因80.06%，随年龄增加占全死因比例增加，死因前五位疾病依次是心血管疾病、慢性肺疾病、道路交通事故、慢性胃疾病、肝及胆管癌；人群期望寿命调整前77.76岁（男性75.10岁，80.00岁），调整后人群期望寿命75.4岁（男性72.99岁，女性78.15岁）。 2.心血管疾病的主要危险因素（人群暴露率、人群归因分值）为：吸烟（12.60%、0.09）、饮酒（9.60%、0.01）、高血压（19.60%、0.19）、糖尿病（2.60%、0.04）、BMI异常（7.20%、0.03）、血脂异常（32.40%、0.40）、睡眠不足（36.40%、0.23）；慢性肺疾病的主要危险因素（人群暴露率、人群归因分值）为：吸烟（12.60%、0.37）、被动吸烟（58.20%、0.15）；慢性胃疾病的主要危险因素（人群暴露率、人群归因分值）为：吸烟（12.60%、0.19）、饮酒（9.60%、0.12）、喜食腌制食品（38.60%、0.54）、经常摄入烫食（6.10%、0.08）、饮食不规律（12.10%、0.14）、从不饮茶（12.30%、0.05）、新鲜蔬菜水果摄入不足（34.48%、0.44）、钙摄入不足（2.3%、0.02）、缺乏体育锻炼（11.20%、0.06）、喜食油炸食品（23.10%、0.00）、喜食烟熏食品（5.10%、0.23）；肝及胆管癌的主要危险因素（人群暴露率、人群归因分值）为：吸烟（12.60%、0.05）、饮酒（9.60%、0.04）、喜食腌制食品（38.60%、0.31）、从不饮茶（8.90%、0.03）、蔬菜水果摄入不足（34.48%、0.10）、缺乏体育锻炼（11.20%、0.10）。 3.影响期望寿命主要高危因素，去除这些高危因素人群期望寿命可以提高10.85岁。这些因素包括：吸烟（1.65岁）、血脂异常（1.41岁）、蔬菜水果摄入不足（0.95岁）、睡眠不足（0.90岁）、饮酒（0.85岁）、高血压（0.79岁）、BMI异常（0.63岁）、喜食腌制食品（0.60岁）、缺乏体育锻炼（0.56岁）、从不饮茶（0.55岁）、被动吸烟（0.38岁）、糖尿病（0.37岁）、喜食烟熏食品（0.34岁）、经常摄入烫食（0.29岁）、摄入钙不足（0.26岁）。去除前五位因素，人群期望寿命可以提高5.86岁。结论宁夏人群死亡以慢性病为主，人群期望寿命有很大的提升空间，针对影响期望寿命的主要危险因素采取干预措施，可以显著降低我区疾病负担，提高人群期望寿命。
[Abstract]:Objective to understand the life expectancy of residents in Ningxia and to study quantitatively the main risk factors affecting the life expectancy of residents in order to reduce the burden of disease and improve the life expectancy of the population. To establish prevention and control strategies and measures of main risk factors to provide scientific basis. Methods based on the death surveillance data of residents in Ningxia on 2010, a survey was carried out on the missing death report in the whole area, and the life expectancy of the population was calculated in combination with the rate of death missing report. The population exposure rate of the main risk factors affecting life expectancy was obtained by questionnaire survey and laboratory test using multi-stage sampling, and the population attribution score was calculated by using attribution method combined with the literature (PAF). The number of years of life expectancy in the population with no high risk factors was calculated. Results 1. The rate of underreporting of death was 22.2022 in the whole district from 2009 to 2012. There was significant difference in the rate of underreporting of death among the five cities (蠂 2 / 69.137). Among them, Guyuan City had the highest rate of missing the report of death, and Yinchuan City had the lowest rate of missing report of death. In 2010, the crude mortality rate of Ningxia was 339.55 / 100,000 (standardized mortality rate was 332.89 / 100,000), which was higher in males than in females (蠂 ~ (2 / 2) 938.436). The adjusted mortality rate was 436.45% / 100 000 (standardized mortality rate 427.89% / 100 000). The main causes of death were chronic diseases, which accounted for 80.06% of the main causes of death. With the increase of age, the proportion of the total causes of death increased. The top five causes of death were cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, road traffic accident, chronic stomach disease. Liver and bile duct cancer; The mean life expectancy was 77.76 years before adjustment (75.10 years for males and 80.00 years for males), and 75.4 years (72.99 years for males and 78.15 years for females) after adjustment. 2. The main risk factors of cardiovascular disease (population exposure rate, population attribution score) were as follows: smoking 12.60%, drinking 9.60% 0.01). Hypertension 19.60% 0.19%, diabetes 2.60% 0.04% BMI 7.20%, dyslipidemia 32.40% 0.40). Lack of sleep 36.40 and 0.23; The main risk factors of chronic lung disease (population exposure rate, population attribution score) were: smoking 12.60% 0.37%, passive smoking 58.20% 0.15%; The main risk factors of chronic gastric disease (population exposure rate, population attribution score) were: smoking 12.60% 0.19%, drinking 9.60% 0.12). I like to eat pickled food (38.60) 0.54%, eat hot food 6.10% (0.08%), eat food irregularly (12.10%) 0.14%, and never drink tea (12.30%). The intake of fresh vegetables and fruits was 0. 44%, the calcium intake was 2. 3% and 0. 02%, and the lack of physical exercise was 11. 20% and 0. 06%). I like to eat fried food (23.1010) and smoked food (5.10100.23C). The main risk factors of liver and cholangiocarcinoma (population exposure rate, population attribution score) were: smoking 12.60%, drinking 9.60% 0.04). They like to eat pickled food 38.60 and 0.31%, never drink tea 8.90 and 0.03%, and have insufficient intake of vegetables and fruits (34.48% 0.10). The lack of physical exercise is 11.20% and 0.10%. 3. The main risk factors affecting life expectancy were: smoking 1.65 years, dyslipidemia 1.41 years). The intake of vegetables and fruits was 0.95 years old, sleep was 0.90 years old, alcohol consumption was 0.85 years old, hypertension was 0.79 years old and BMI was 0.63 years old. They are 0.60 years old, 0.56 years old without physical exercise, 0.55 years old never drink tea, 0.38 years old in passive smoking and 0.37 years old in diabetes mellitus. It was 0.34 years old for smoked food, 0.29 years old for hot food and 0.26 years old for calcium deficiency. After removing the first five factors, the life expectancy of the population could be increased by 5.86 years. Conclusion chronic diseases are the leading cause of death in Ningxia population, and there is great room for improvement of life expectancy. Intervention measures aimed at the main risk factors affecting life expectancy can significantly reduce the burden of disease in Ningxia. Improve the life expectancy of the population.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R181.3

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