社区顾问委员会在中国艾滋病科研及防治工作中的生命伦理学意义

发布时间：2018-02-23 18:11

本文关键词： 艾滋病社区伦理　出处：《中南大学》2008年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 研究背景: 艾滋病具有明显的生物—心理—社会性质。因此在艾滋病的科研、防治及日常生活中均涉及到各种伦理问题,比如:社会对艾滋病感染者及病人的歧视问题、药物试验和科研中的知情同意、隐私保密等问题。这些伦理问题的适当处理会有助于有效地解决艾滋病科研及防治中面临的各种挑战。社区顾问委员会(简称CAB),作为研究者和社区的桥梁,在保证参与者的权益、尊重社区文化、权衡社区的风险和利益等诸多方面起到了非常重要的作用,为保证艾滋病科研和防治工作的顺利进行起到了积极的推动作用。CAB作为一个被国际社会广泛接受和认可的社区参与模式,正越来越广泛地应用到发达国家的科学研发和行为干预等项目和工作中。近年来,随着我国防治工作的深入开展,国际合作项目逐渐增多,在我国AIDS防治工作中,越来越多地区建立了CAB,据不完全统计,我国已有广西、云南、安徽、山西和新疆等五省经建立了CAB。通过对这五省疾病预防控制中心人员的访谈,CAB对我国艾滋病的防控以及有关研究方面参与的重要性也日益凸现出来。在我国艾滋病防治形势日渐严峻的今天,非常有必要对CAB的现状、在科研和防治工作中已经起到了怎样重要的作用、应当从哪些方面发挥作用、工作中应注意哪些问题、参与的方式如何、参与者对应有哪些,等一系列问题进行研究,将有助于CAB在我国的艾滋病科研和防治实践中发挥更大的作用。调查结果: 1.CAB组成:一般由10—20名成员组成,主要包括来自艾滋病研究项目现场的卫生管理部门、妇女组织、感染者、现场社区领导、社区医务工作者等。一般来说,这些成员是由项目及当地疾病预防控制中心根据项目的要求,选择当地威望高、人们广泛信任的人,再根据项目人群特点选择,由项目人员最后确定。其主要领导由当地疾病预防控制中心或卫生局负责人担任。CAB管理及联络工作由疾病预防控制中心人员担任。 2.CAB管理现状:每个CAB有工作章程以及工作计划。绝大部分的CAB工作会议召开没有周期,大多根据项目进展而定。每次有80%的成员出席会议。在会议中,成员大多能表达自己的意见,但意见被接纳程度各现场不同。会议场地及资金一般由当地CDC提供。 3.CAB对工作职责执行情况:CAB成员,作为项目研究人员和参与者之间的桥梁,在CAB在协助项目人员进行人员招募、知情同意、信息传递和协调研究者与参与者之间的关系方面起到了重要的作用。另外,CAB通过参与项目工作获得的知识,在为特殊人群提供咨询和培训,提供政策宣传方面也起到了一定的作用。 4.CAB的不足:目前,CAB经费有限、大部分成员文化水平较低,进行的培训较少、以及CAB成员之间少有沟通和交流,这在一定程度上妨碍了他们的工作能动性,不利于项目及CAB工作长期持续的开展。结论: 目前,中国现有的CAB,由于各项目目标人群及所在现场不同,CAB的成员组成也各不相同。由于每个项目本身对CAB需要的不同,给予的支持力度也各不相同。在实际工作中,成员最主要参与的工作有:协助项目进行人员招募,知情同意过程和信息反馈、项目工作宣传等。广西作为最早建立CAB的现场省,在CAB的管理和实际工作中积累了大量的经验。
[Abstract]:Research background:
AIDS has bio psycho social properties obviously. Therefore the research on AIDS prevention, and daily life are all related to all kinds of ethical issues, such as: social discrimination of AIDS patients and the drug test and research in informed consent, privacy and other issues. The appropriate treatment of these ethical issues will have to effectively solve the challenges of AIDS research and prevention.
Community Advisory Committee (CAB), as a bridge between researchers and the community, to ensure respect for the interests of the participants, community culture, community weigh the risks and benefits and other aspects play a very important role, in order to ensure AIDS research and prevention and control work smoothly has played a positive role in promoting.CAB as a a widely accepted and recognized the pattern of community participation in the international community, is more and more widely used in developed countries for scientific research and behavior intervention project and work. In recent years, with China's prevention and control work in depth, increasing international cooperation projects, in the prevention and control of AIDS in our country, more and more regions CAB, according to incomplete statistics, China has in Guangxi, Yunnan, Anhui, Shanxi and Xinjiang and other five provinces established by CAB. control center staff interview on the five disease prevention, CAB on China's AIDS The importance of the prevention and control of nourishing diseases and the involvement of the related research is becoming more and more important.
In the AIDS prevention and control situation in China is grim today, it is necessary to the present situation of CAB, the research and prevention work has played an important role, should from what role, what should be paid attention to in the work, how to participate in the way, what are the corresponding research participants, and a series of problems that will help the CAB in China's AIDS research and prevention practice plays a greater role.
The results of the survey:
1.CAB: general 10 to 20 members, including from the AIDS research site and health management departments, women's organizations, site infection, community leaders, community medical workers. In general, these is a member of a project and the local disease prevention and control center according to the requirements of the project, the choice of local high prestige, people widely believe, according to the project characteristics of population selection, finally determined by the project staff. Its main leadership by the local center for Disease Control and prevention or Health Bureau in charge of.CAB management and liaison work by the disease prevention and control center personnel.
2.CAB management status: each CAB has the rules of work and work plan. Most of the CAB work conference held no cycle, mostly according to the project progress. Each has 80% members attended the meeting. At the meeting, most of the members can express their opinions, but opinions are different. The acceptance degree of on-site Conference facilities and funds usually provided by the local CDC.
3.CAB on the implementation of job responsibilities: members of the CAB, as a bridge between researchers and participants in CAB, in assisting the project personnel recruitment, informed consent, information transmission and coordination between researchers and participants played an important role. In addition, CAB through participation in the project work to get knowledge to provide consultation and training for special populations, to provide policy publicity also played a certain role.
The shortage of 4.CAB: at present, CAB has limited funds, most members have low cultural level, less training, and few communication and communication between CAB members, which to a certain extent impedes their work initiative, and is not conducive to long-term and sustained development of CAB and projects.
Conclusion:
At present, China existing CAB, due to the project target population and the scene is different, CAB members are not the same. Because each item of CAB need different support efforts are also different. In practice, the majority of members involved in the work are: to assist the project for recruitment. The informed consent process and information feedback, the publicity work on the project. As the earliest established CAB site in Guangxi Province, in the management of CAB in practical work and accumulated a lot of experience.

【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：R184

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