2004~2015年天津市北辰区法定报告传染病分布与流行趋势研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 10:35

本文关键词： 传染病发病率死亡率流行趋势　出处：《天津医科大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的:传染病防控是当今全球公共卫生的热点,且防控形势依然严峻。为进一步掌握2004~2015年天津市北辰区法定报告传染病总体发病情况,分析该区传染病病例的分布特征和流行趋势,为该区传染病防控策略的制定和今后防控措施的实施提供科学依据。方法:通过《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》下载北辰区2004~2015年法定报告传染病病例信息,采用Excel 2010和SPSS18.0对该区12年间传染病的总体发病和死亡情况、不同传播途径传染病及辖区内重点传染病进行描述,并对不同年份发病率进行趋势卡方检验,分析传染病发病率的变化趋势。结果:1.2004~2015年北辰区共报告法定报告传染病51877例,平均发病率为748.41/10万,12年间发病率呈下降趋势(c2趋势=354.031,P0.001),男性发病率均高于女性,无甲类传染病报告。12年中报告传染病死亡病例44例,平均死亡率为0.63/10万。艾滋病、肺结核、狂犬病为传染病主要死因。2.不同传播途径甲乙类传染病:肠道传染病报告病例数最多,为8115例,平均发病率117.07/10万。血液和性传播疾病共报告5458例,平均发病率70.76/10万。呼吸道传染病共报告4905例,平均发病率78.74/10万。以上三种传播途径传染病发病率均呈下降趋势。自然疫源及虫媒传染病平均发病率2.11/10万,总体趋势平稳,但其中布病发病率有所上升。3.重点传染病发病情况:2004-2015年北辰区其他感染性腹泻、细菌性痢疾、肺结核、乙型肝炎平均发病率分别为297.69/10万、107.74/10万、37.55/10万、35.37/10万,发病率均呈下降趋势,。流行性出血热属于少发病,发病率一直较低,平均发病率0.49/10万。2008年手足口病被纳入法定报告传染病以来,发病率呈波动中上升趋势,平均发病率124.29/10万。梅毒发病率则呈单峰模式,2008年前发病率逐年上升,然后逐年下降。从发病时间来看,其他感染性腹泻、手足口病和细菌性痢疾等肠道传染病具有较明显的季节特征,发病高峰主要集中在6-8月。乙型肝炎、肺结核、梅毒则不具备明显的季节特征。从病例年龄来看,其他感染性腹泻、手足口病、细菌性痢疾等肠道传染病以5岁以下婴幼儿为主,而乙型肝炎、肺结核、梅毒、流行性出血热则以20-34岁青年为主。从病例职业来看,其他感染性腹泻、手足口病、细菌性痢疾以散居儿童为主,乙型肝炎、流行性出血热以农民为主,肺结核和梅毒则以家务及待业为主。从报告地区来看,天穆镇、宜兴埠镇、青光镇、北仓镇等镇街报告病例数所占比例较高。结论:2004~2015年北辰区法定报告传染病发病率总体趋势下降,无甲类传染病发生。但手足口病、布病发病率呈上升趋势,应重点关注。
[Abstract]:Objective: prevention and control of infectious diseases is a hot spot in global public health, and the situation of prevention and control is still grim. In order to further understand the general incidence of infectious diseases reported by law in Beichen District of Tianjin City from 2004 to 2015, The distribution characteristics and epidemic trend of infectious disease cases in this area were analyzed. To provide scientific basis for the formulation of infectious disease prevention and control strategy and the implementation of prevention and control measures in the future. Methods: through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information system, the information on the reported cases of infectious diseases in Beichen District from 2004 to 2015 was downloaded. Excel 2010 and SPSS18.0 were used to describe the overall incidence and death of infectious diseases, infectious diseases of different transmission routes and key infectious diseases in the area during the 12 years in this area, and the incidence of infectious diseases in different years was tested by chi-square test. Results A total of 51877 cases of reported infectious diseases were reported in Beichen District from 1: 2004 to 2015. The average incidence of infectious diseases was 748.41 / 100 000 in 12 years. The incidence of infectious diseases showed a downward trend in 12 years. The incidence of male was higher than that of female, and the incidence rate of male was higher than that of female. Reports of non-A infectious diseases. 44 deaths from infectious diseases were reported in 12 years, with an average mortality rate of 0.63 / 100,000. AIDS, tuberculosis, Rabies is the main cause of death of infectious diseases. 2. Different transmission routes A and B infectious diseases: the most reported cases of intestinal infectious diseases, 8115 cases, the average incidence of 117.07 / 100 million, blood and sexually transmitted diseases reported a total of 5458 cases, The average incidence of respiratory infectious diseases was 4905 cases, and the average incidence rate was 78.74% -100,000. The incidence of infectious diseases of the three transmission routes above showed a downward trend. The average incidence rate of natural epidemic sources and insect-borne infectious diseases was 21.1 / 100,000, and the overall trend was stable. However, the incidence of brucellosis has increased .3. the incidence of key infectious diseases in Beichen District from 2004 to 2015 was 297.69 / 100 000, 107.74 / 100 000 or 100, 000 or 353,700 / 100, 000, respectively, in Beichen District from 2004 to 2015, and the average incidence of infectious diarrhea, bacillary dysentery, tuberculosis, and hepatitis B was 297.69 / 100 000, The incidence of epidemic haemorrhagic fever (EHF) is low, and the average incidence is 0.49% / 100,000. In 2008, HFMD was included in the legal reporting of infectious diseases. The average incidence of syphilis was 124.29 / 100,000. The incidence of syphilis showed a single-peak pattern. Before 2008, the incidence of syphilis increased year by year and then decreased year by year. From the point of view of the onset time, other infectious diarrhea, Intestinal infectious diseases such as hand, foot and mouth disease and bacillary dysentery have obvious seasonal characteristics, and the peak incidence is mainly from June to August. Hepatitis B, tuberculosis and syphilis do not have obvious seasonal characteristics. Other infectious diarrhoea, hand, foot and mouth disease, bacillary dysentery and other intestinal infections are mainly infantile children under 5 years of age, while hepatitis B, tuberculosis, syphilis and epidemic hemorrhagic fever are mainly among young people aged 20-34. Other infectious diarrhea, hand, foot and mouth disease, bacillary dysentery are mainly among children living in the diaspora, hepatitis B, epidemic haemorrhagic fever are mainly farmers, tuberculosis and syphilis are mainly domestic and unemployed. From the report area, Tianmu Town, Yixing Bu Town, The proportion of reported cases in Qingguang and Beicang towns was high. Conclusion the incidence of legally reported infectious diseases in Beichen District from April to 2015 decreased, but the incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease and brucellosis increased. Attention should be focused.
【学位授予单位】：天津医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R181.3

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