钉螺的趋光性和生姜杀螺效应研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 23:29

本文选题：钉螺　切入点：趋光性　出处：《苏州大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 第一部分光照强度和光色对钉螺趋光性的影响目的研究湖北钉螺(Oncomelania hupensis)对不同光照强度和光色的趋性。方法利用自制的趋光性装置,以正常的湖北钉螺(Oncomelania hupensis)为研究对象,用白炽灯为光源,光照强度梯度分别为500、1 000、1 500、2 000、2 500、3 000、3 500、4 000、4 500、5 000Lux;光色采用红、黄、绿、蓝四种颜色,光照强度皆为100Lux,对钉螺进行趋光性实验研究。结果钉螺在所设的白炽灯光照下均表现出正趋光性,当光照强度低于2 000Lux时,随着光照强度的增强趋光指数增大,光照强度为2 000Lux时趋光指数达到最大,在500Lux、1000Lux、1500Lux三个梯度下趋光指数无显著性差异(P0.05),但500Lux与2 000Lux两个梯度下趋光指数具极显著性差异(P0.01),光照强度大于2000Lux时,随着光照强度的增强趋光指数下降,在2500Lux、3000Lux和3500Lux三个梯度之间,钉螺的趋光指数无明显差异(P0.05),在3500Lux与4000Lux之间趋光指数差异极明显(P0.01)。钉螺在四种颜色光照强度下均表现为正趋光性。钉螺对绿光和红光的趋光指数具显著性差异(P0.01),四种颜色光对钉螺的趋性的影响大小依次为绿光蓝光黄光红光。结论钉螺在所设的白炽灯光照下均表现出正趋光性,当光照强度低于2000Lux时,随着光照强度的增强趋光指数增大,光照强度为2000Lux时趋光指数达到最大,光照强度大于2000Lux时,随着光照强度的增强趋光指数下降;钉螺对绿光和蓝光的趋光指数大于红光和黄光,四种颜色光对钉螺的趋性的影响大小依次为绿光蓝光黄光红光。第二至第四部分生姜灭螺效应研究目的研究生姜对钉螺杀灭效应及杀螺机理,为探索新型的灭螺植物和生姜在血吸虫病防治方面的研发提供参考。方法钉螺浸杀试验观察经1g/L、2g/L、5g/L、10g/L和20g/L的生姜浸液浸泡24h、48h、72h和96h后钉螺的死亡率,并设清水对照组。螺卵影响试验,螺卵经0.25g/L、0.5g/L、1g/L、2.5g/L、5g/L和10g/L生姜浸液处理24h后,观察螺卵孵化率及螺卵形态学方面的变化,并设清水对照组。采取乙酸乙酯溶剂浸提法,抽提姜辣素粗提液,配制成5mg/L、10mg/L、20mg/L、40mg/L、80mg/L的浓度梯度的姜辣素溶液,用DMF为助溶剂,控制各浓度溶液中所含DMF均为1 ml/L,设DMF(1ml/L)及去氯清水为对照,按上述同样的方法,进行灭螺实验。生姜液对钉螺蛋白和DNA含量的影响实验,将钉螺投放入20g/L的生姜浸液中处理48h后,检测钉螺湿重蛋白和DNA的含量,以去氯水为对照。结果(1)钉螺死亡率随着生姜浸液浓度的升高和时间的延长而递增,其中,实验中各浓度生姜浸液浸泡72h后钉螺的死亡率最小为56.7%,最大为100%;处理时间96h后,钉螺的死亡率均达到100%。 (2)当生姜浸液浓度小与1g/L时,螺卵孵化率与清水对照组无显著性差异(P0.05);当浓度为1g/L时,螺卵孵化率为56%,与0.5g/L、1g/L和清水对照组相比具有显著差异(P0.01);当生姜浸液浓度大于1g/L时,各组螺卵的孵化率均为0%,与清水对照组相比,具有显著差异(P0.01)。 (3)螺卵经浓度为0.25g/L和0.5g/L的生姜浸液浸泡24h后,镜下观察胚胎组织仍清晰可见,与对照组相比无显著变化;当浓度为1g/L,胚胎开始出现显著变化,胚胎在卵膜内静止不动,且结构不清晰,胚胎组织颜色由黄褐色变为黑色。随着浓度的增高,胚胎组织变化越明显,并逐渐趋于崩解溃散。 (4)随着姜辣素溶液浓度的增高和时间的延长,钉螺的死亡率递增。不同浓度处理48h后,钉螺的死亡率最低为53.3%,最高达100%,作用72h后,钉螺的死亡率大于等于90%,96h均达100%。而DMF(ml/L)和去氯水对照组未见钉螺死亡。 (5)经浓度为20g/L生姜浸液浸泡48h后,钉螺蛋白含量减少率为25.8%,明显小于对照组(P0.01);DNA含量无明显减少,减少率仅为2.9%,与对照组相比无明显差异(p0.05)。结论生姜浸液对钉螺及螺卵有一定的毒杀作用,随着浓度的升高和时间延长,钉螺的死亡率呈上升趋势;当生姜浸液浓度小于1g/L时,螺卵的孵化率和形态学无显著变化;当其浓度大于等于1g/L时,螺卵的孵化率和形态学发生显著变化;生姜姜辣素粗提液对钉螺有较好的杀灭作用,说明姜辣素中可能含有有效的灭螺化学成分;生姜浸液能影响钉螺的能量代谢,使钉螺湿重软体蛋白的含量明显降低,但对DNA含量影响不明显。
[Abstract]:The effect of light intensity and light color of the first part on the phototropism of nail snails

Objective To study the phototropism of Onlyhupensis in different light intensity and light color .

Methods : The light source and light intensity gradient were 500 , 1000 , 1 500 , 2 000 , 25 500 , 3 000 , 3 500 , 4 000 , 4 500 , 5 000 lux respectively . The light color used red , yellow , green and blue colors , and the light intensity was 100 lux .

Results There was no significant difference between the light intensity and light intensity when the light intensity was lower than 2,000 lux ( P0.01 ) .

Conclusion The light intensity of the nail is the highest when the light intensity is 2000lux when the light intensity is less than 2000 lux . When the light intensity is 2000lux , the light index decreases with the increasing of the light intensity . The phototaxis index of the nail to green and blue light is larger than that of red light and yellow light , and the influence of the four color lights on the phototropism of the nail is green and blue light yellow and red light .

Studies on the effect of the second to fourth parts of ginger on the molluscicidal effect

Objective To study the effect of ginger on the killing effect and the mechanism of killing snail , and provide a reference for the research and development of new type of molluscicide and ginger in the prevention and control of schistosomiasis .

Methods The mortality rate of snail eggs and the morphological changes of snail eggs were observed after immersion in 1 g / L , 2 g / L , 5 g / L , 10 g / L , and 20 g / L ginger extract at 24 h , 48 h , 72 h and 96 h .

Results ( 1 ) The rate of snail mortality increased with the increase of the concentration of ginger extract and time , among which the mortality of the snail was 56 . 7 % , the maximum was 100 % after soaking for 72 h in ginger extract . After 96 h treatment time , the mortality rate of the snail reached 100 % .

( 2 ) When the concentration of ginger extract was less than 1 g / L , the hatching rate of the eggs was not significantly different from that of the clear water control group ( P0.05 ) . When the concentration was 1g / L , the hatching rate of the eggs was 56 % , and the hatching rate of the eggs in each group was 0 % when the concentration of ginger extract was greater than 1 g / L .

( 3 ) After soaked in ginger extract with the concentration of 0.25g / L and 0.5g / L for 24h , it was observed that the embryonic tissue was still clearly visible under the microscope . When the concentration was 1 g / L , the embryo began to change significantly , the embryo was motionless in the egg membrane , the structure was not clear , the color of the embryonic tissue was changed from yellowish brown to black . With the increase of concentration , the more obvious the change of the embryo tissue , and the gradual disintegration of the embryo tissue .

( 4 ) With the increase of the concentration of gingerol solution and the prolongation of the time , the mortality rate of the snail was increased . After 48 hours of treatment with different concentrations , the mortality rate of the snail was 53 . 3 % , the highest was 100 % . After 72 h , the mortality rate of the snail was more than or equal to 90 % and 96 h was 100 % .

( 5 ) After soaked in 20 g / L ginger extract for 48 hours , the decrease rate of Ononscrew protein content was 25 . 8 % , which was significantly lower than that of the control group ( P0.01 ) ; the DNA content was not significantly reduced , the reduction rate was only 2.9 % , there was no significant difference compared with the control group ( p . 05 ) .

Conclusion ginger extract has a certain poisoning effect on the snail and the snail eggs , and the mortality rate of the snail eggs increases with the increase of the concentration and the time . When the concentration of ginger extract is less than 1 g / L , the hatching rate and morphology of the snail eggs are obviously changed ; the ginger extract can affect the energy metabolism of the snail , so that the content of the snail wet weight soft protein is obviously reduced , but the influence on the DNA content is not obvious .

【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：R184

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