一起学校流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情及疫苗保护效果

发布时间：2018-04-09 01:29

本文选题：流行性腮腺炎　切入点：疾病暴发流行　出处：《中国学校卫生》2017年01期

【摘要】：目的了解江西省某小学一起流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情以及接种含腮腺炎成分疫苗的保护效果,为预防和控制学校流行性腮腺炎疫情的暴发流行提供依据。方法采用现况调查和回顾性队列研究,通过面对面访谈、电话调查、查阅接种证的方式,获取人口学、既往史、发病和诊疗情况以及免疫接种信息,描述疫情暴发情况,评估疫苗保护效果。结果 2015年4月18日至7月3日,江西省某学校发生135例流行性腮腺炎病例,小学生罹患率为7.15%(135/1 888)。5月25日至6月8日为此次疫情的发病高峰期,病例主要分布在小学A部教学楼,罹患率为8.86%(115/1 298);男、女生罹患率分别为7.87%(83/1 055)、6.24%(52/833),差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.851,P=0.174)。7,8岁学生罹患率最高,分别为11.80%(55/466)、11.03%(46/417),不同年龄之间罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=49.425,P0.01);有明确接种史的学生中,含腮腺炎成分疫苗的接种率为75.33%(684/908)。接种含腮腺炎成分疫苗在此次疫情中具有保护作用(RR=0.57,95%CI=0.39~0.84);接种1剂次疫苗后,疫苗保护率随接种时间延长呈下降趋势(χ_(趋势)~2=8.175,P=0.004),5.5年后失去保护作用(RR=0.76,95%CI=0.50~1.13)。结论此次事件为一起流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情。1剂次腮腺炎疫苗在接种5.5年后失去保护作用,应及时给予第2剂次加强。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate an outbreak of mumps in a primary school in Jiangxi province and the protective effect of inoculation with vaccine containing mumps in order to provide evidence for preventing and controlling the outbreak of mumps in schools.Methods A retrospective cohort study and a face to face interview were used to describe the outbreak of the epidemic by means of face to face interview, telephone survey, access to vaccination card, demographic, past history, incidence, diagnosis and treatment, and immunization information.Evaluate the effectiveness of vaccine protection.Results from April 18 to July 3, 2015, 135 cases of mumps occurred in a school in Jiangxi Province. The incidence rate of primary school students was 7.15% 135-1888%. The peak period of the outbreak was from May 25 to June 8.The cases were mainly distributed in the teaching buildings of part A of primary schools, with the attack rate of 8.86 / 115 / 1298 and 7.87% / 1 055 / 6.24% for boys and girls, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant (蠂 ~ (2 / 2) 1.851% P ~ (0.174) .78 years old).Conclusion this event is an outbreak of mumps. 1 dose of mumps vaccine lost its protective effect 5.5 years after inoculation. The second dose should be given in time.
【作者单位】：上海市嘉定区疾病预防控制中心;中国现场流行病学培训项目;江西省疾病预防控制中心;广东省中山市疾病预防控制中心;江西省萍乡市疾病预防控制中心;中国疾病预防控制中心;
【分类号】：R725.1;R181.3

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