山东省二十年计划免疫投入—产出评价研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 11:47

本文选题：计划免疫　切入点：投入　出处：《山东大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】：根据1993年世界发展报告的一份成本—效益评价报告，扩大免疫规划(Expanded Programme on Immunization，EPI)也被证明是预防和控制计划免疫钅，对传染病最经济、最有效的公共卫生服务干预项目之一。我国于1978年开始实施计划免疫，1981年开始推广EPI活动。山东省计划免疫工作与全国EPI活动同步进行，近20年来取得了显著成就。从1979年有关麻疹疫苗的成本效益研究以后，计划免疫投入—产出的评价研究就一直没有中断。从最开始的比较计划免疫的投入和产出的研究，定性研究、单疫苗单病种分析、小范围评价和单技术评价，到现在多模式比较研究、定量研究、多疫苗多病种分析、大范围评价和多种技术联合分析，计划免疫的评价研究在各个层次和各个领域内均取得了进展。几乎所有的计划免疫评价研究都证明计划免疫是一项值得政府大力推广和投入的公共卫生项目。然而，根据现有的文献，除了一项山东省消除脊髓灰质炎的经济学评价外，还没有一项研究曾对山东省计划免疫工作在过去二十年间的投入和产出进行综合评价，这种状况显然也落后于全国其他兄弟省市的评价现状。因此，为了填补关于山东省计划免疫投入—产出评价研究的空白，为山东省疾病预防控制十一五规划提供参考依据，非常有必要对山东省1985～2004年的计划免疫工作进行综合评价。研究运用成本分析，利用历史资料从社会效益、技术效益和经济效益三个方面综合二十年来山东省计划免疫工作取得的成绩。研究发现：1、山东省计划免疫投入(支出)呈阶段性增长趋势，按不同的方面划分又有不同的侧重点，即以乡镇投入为主；以培训相关费用为主；以脊灰疫苗为主；以脊髓灰质炎为主。2、计划免疫产生的三项效益较为显著：(1)山东省实施EPI活动二十年来各计划免疫针对传染病的发病率和死亡率均被控制在了较低水平。儿童预防接种覆盖率不断上升，，基本做到了适龄儿童按时、足量接种。儿童免疫成功率和人群抗体水平也呈上升趋势，山东省居民对计划免疫针
[Abstract]:According to a cost-benefit evaluation report of the 1993 World Development report, expanded Programme on Immunization (EPII) has also proved to be one of the most economical and effective public health intervention programs in the prevention and control of infectious diseases.China began to implement planned immunization in 1978, and began to promote EPI activities in 1981.The planning immunization in Shandong Province has been carried out simultaneously with the national EPI activities, and has made remarkable achievements in the past 20 years.Since the Cost-benefit study on measles Vaccine in 1979, the evaluation of planned immunization input-output has not been interrupted.From the initial comparative planning immunization input and output research, qualitative research, single-vaccine single-disease analysis, small-scale evaluation and single-technology evaluation, to the present multi-model comparative study, quantitative research, multi-vaccine multi-disease analysis,Extensive evaluation and joint analysis of multiple techniques have made progress in evaluation of immunization at all levels and in various fields.Almost all studies on immunization evaluation prove that immunization is a public health project worthy of government promotion and investment.However, according to the existing literature, except for an economic evaluation of polio eradication in Shandong Province, no study has conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the inputs and outputs of planned immunization work in Shandong Province in the past two decades.This situation also obviously lags behind the evaluation status quo of other fraternal provinces and cities across the country.Therefore, in order to fill the blank of the evaluation of the input-output of Shandong Province, and to provide the reference for the 11th Five-Year Plan of Disease Prevention and Control in Shandong Province, it is very necessary to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the planned immunization work in Shandong Province from 1985 to 2004.Cost analysis and historical data are used to study the achievements of Shandong Province in the past twenty years in terms of social benefit, technical benefit and economic benefit.It is found that the expenditure of Shandong Province's planned immunization investment (expenditure) is increasing in different phases, and has different emphases according to different aspects, that is, the township investment is the main input, the training related cost is the main, the polio vaccine is the main part;Poliomyelitis was the main factor, and the three benefits of planned immunization were significant: 1) in the past twenty years, the incidence and mortality of infectious diseases in Shandong province had been controlled at a lower level.The coverage rate of child vaccination has been increasing, and children of school age have been vaccinated on time and in sufficient quantities.The immunization success rate of children and the antibody level of the population were also on the rise, and the residents of Shandong Province had a tendency to plan the immunization needle.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：R186

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