北京地区汉坦病毒宿主动物生态学与流行病学调查研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 19:53

本文选题：汉坦病毒 + 宿主动物　；参考：《中国人民解放军军事医学科学院》2005年博士论文

【摘要】：本研究针对近些年北京地区肾综合征出血热(HFRS)疫情发展形势,在北京9个区县选择代表性生境,采用多点横断面与定点纵向相结合的现场调查方法,在弄清汉坦病毒(HV)宿主群落生态学和种群动态的基础上,结合血清学和分子生物学检测技术,对宿主动物HV感染进行了系统的流行病学研究。其主要结果如下:(1) 共采集到以鼠类为主的HV宿主动物9种849只,总带毒率6.9%。通过群落结构、极点排序和种群季节消长动态分析及其与HV感染状况的关联分析,从生态学角度阐明了北京不同生境鼠类群落特征及HV优势宿主(褐家鼠和小家鼠)对HFRS流行的作用;感染率较高的自然隔离褐家鼠种群密度变化、种群结构变化与所携带HV之间具有相关性;城郊褐家鼠所偏嗜的一些栖息生境为北京HFRS发生高危地区,市区小家鼠在HV传播中的优势地位增强。(2) 多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示:优势宿主—褐家鼠一些特征,如体重60g、体长15cm、体表有疤痕、雄性睾丸位于阴囊中、处于繁殖期的成年鼠是其自然感染HV的危险因素,从而进一步证实了HV在鼠间平行传播的规律。(3) 褐家鼠不同脏器中HV基因变异、定量分布相对差异的比较结果显示:肺脏中HV带毒量高于其它脏器,且HV基因更易发生变异,提示肺脏易受HV侵犯与寄生,HV基因在该器官中受宿主免疫压力更大,这对于进一步了解HV的贮存和传播机制具有重要意义。(4) 通过比较鼠源HV代表株及其部分人源HV基因序列,确定了北京地区近年来主要流行株型别,发现了交通枢纽、人群和农副产品集散地一些鼠源HV具有更大的变异。(5) 通过比较优势动物宿主遗传多态性与对应HV基因差异分布,发现农副产品集散地褐家鼠某地理种群与其来源的HV基因差异存在对应关联。提示了两者协同演化的历史及北京HV随外埠褐家鼠迁移而输入的危险性。总之,本研究通过对北京地区HV宿主生态学、HV感染分子流行病学及其优势宿主—HV相互关系的研究,分析了北京近年来HFRS疫情攀升的主要原因,从而为北京市更加科学、有针对性地制定HFRS预防和控制措施提供了决策依据和新的思路。
[Abstract]:In view of the epidemic situation of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Beijing in recent years, representative habitats were selected in 9 districts and counties in Beijing. Based on the understanding of the host community ecology and population dynamics of Hantavirus HVV, combined with serological and molecular biological detection techniques, a systematic epidemiological study on HV infection in host animals was carried out. The main results were as follows: (1) A total of 849 HV host animals were collected, with a total virus carrying rate of 6.9%. The community structure, polar order, seasonal fluctuation of population and their association with HV infection were analyzed. The characteristics of rodent community in different habitats in Beijing and the effect of dominant hosts of HV (Rattus norvegicus and Rattus musculus) on HFRS epidemic were expounded from the ecological point of view, and the population density of Rattus norvegicus isolated by natural isolation with high infection rate was studied. There was a correlation between the population structure change and the HV carried, and some perched habitats of Rattus norvegicus on the outskirts of the city were high risk areas for the occurrence of HFRS in Beijing. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the dominant host, Rattus norvegicus, had some characteristics, such as body weight of 60g, body length of 15cm, body surface scar, male testis in the scrotum. Adult rats in reproductive period were the risk factors of HV infection, which further confirmed the HV gene variation in different organs of Rattus norvegicus. The results of relative quantitative distribution showed that the HV band in lung was higher than that in other organs, and HV gene was more easily mutated, suggesting that the HV gene in lung was more susceptible to HV invasion and parasitic HV gene was under the host immune pressure in the organ. This is of great significance for further understanding the storage and transmission mechanism of HV.) by comparing the representative strains of rat HV and some human HV gene sequences, we have identified the main prevalent plant types in Beijing in recent years and discovered the transportation hub. Some rat HV species in population and agricultural and sideline product distribution areas had greater variation. 5) by comparing the genetic polymorphisms of host animals and the corresponding HV genes, HV gene was distributed differently in the population and in the distribution areas of agricultural and sideline products. It was found that a geographical population of Rattus norvegicus in agricultural and sideline product distribution area was related to the difference of HV gene. The history of co-evolution and the danger of Beijing HV being imported with the migration of Rattus norvegicus were suggested. In conclusion, by studying the molecular epidemiology of HV infection in HV host ecology in Beijing and the relationship between HV infection and its dominant host, HV, this study analyzed the main reasons for the rise of HFRS epidemic in Beijing in recent years, so as to make Beijing more scientific. Making prevention and control measures of HFRS provides decision-making basis and new thinking.
【学位授予单位】：中国人民解放军军事医学科学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：R181.3

【引证文献】