三峡工程对库区钩端螺旋体病的影响评价

发布时间：2018-05-16 21:50

本文选题：三峡工程 + 钩端螺旋体病　；参考：《华中科技大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 目的1、全面分析库区钩端螺旋体(以下简称钩体)病流行现况及其动态变化趋势,综合评价三峡工程对库区钩体病流行规律的影响,为相关部门制定决策提供依据;并就大型工程对自然疫源性疾病的影响评价进行方法学探讨。2、提出生态环境生物安全研究及评价的概念,为预防和控制人类传染病的发生和流行提出新的设想。方法1、现场调查抽取宜昌市秭归县茅坪镇、夷陵区太平溪镇、三斗坪镇、乐天溪镇等4个调查点,采用夹夜法调查鼠密度及种群构成。将各调查点捕获的老鼠在无菌操作下取米粒大小鼠肾组织于Korthof培养基中进行钩体培养。2、在四个调查点采集健康人血清,开展显微凝集实验调查坝区人群钩体感染率。3、通过公开发表文献收集库区钩体病发病资料、鼠密度动态资料;库区气象资料和农业耕地资料摘自1997～2007年长江三峡工程生态与环境监测公报。4、采用Office 2003软件系统中的Excel建立数据库、制作图表,采用SAS8.1完成统计分析。结果1、1997～2005年库区鼠密度波动于2.81～6.15%之间,变化曲线程斜置的“W”形。相关分析表明库区鼠密度与农作物播种面积的绝对变化量呈正相关关系。蓄水期间坝区室内外鼠密度均呈上升趋势,室内鼠密度明显高于室外。坝区捕获的啮齿动物以黄胸鼠为优势种,占29.58%。室内外鼠种构成不同,室内以黄胸鼠为优势种、室外优势种为黑线姬鼠。坝区室内外鼠种有相互迁移的现象。2、坝区人群钩体感染率为16.91%,感染率有随年龄增长而升高的趋势。男女感染率分别为16.39%、17.35%,差异无统计学意义。感染人群以农民为主,血清阳性率达29.61%。3、坝区鼠肾钩体培养阳性率为18.30%,其中黑线姬鼠培养阳性率最高,达30.56%。4、1996年以来库区钩体病发病率波动于0/10万～2.588/10万之间。1998年、2000年分别有一个发病峰,其余年份均程下降趋势,2003～2005年无病例报告。库区钩体发病率与室外鼠密度呈高度正相关,与农村人均收入呈一定程度的负相关。结论1、目前库区钩体病处于低发病率水平。但蓄水期间存在爆发或流行的潜在可能。从长远的角度看,三峡工程的建设和运行将有利于库区钩体病的预防和控制。但是,三峡旅游业的发展可能导致大量易感人群的输入;而人流、物流的增加也使库区钩体菌群更迭的风险加大,因此仍需加强监测和管理。蓄水达175米后,消落区的出现将促使库区湿地生态群落的形成,其对库区钩体病流行的影响值得关注。2、对于任何一项大型工程的环境医学评价均应从生态环境、社会环境、人口学及人群行为特征的改变入手进行定性和定量评价。其中,预警指标体系的建立是评价的关键和难点所在。3、通过生态环境生物安全研究及评价,我们可以采取措施干扰新病原体的产生或者切断其进入人群的途径,从而避免新的传染病在人间发生和流行,使传染病预防和控制的起点向前推进,从根本上消除或缓解人类传染病负担。另外,生态环境生物安全也可以作为生态安全研究的有机组成部分,在考虑如何保护生态系统的同时也重视如何保护人类自身健康,从而真正作到人与自然的和谐发展。
[Abstract]:Objective 1 to comprehensively analyze the current situation and dynamic trend of leptospirosis epidemic in the reservoir area, to comprehensively evaluate the influence of the Three Gorges Project on the epidemic law of Leptospira in the reservoir area, to provide the basis for the decision-making of the related departments, and to discuss the methodology of the evaluation of the impact of large projects on the natural epidemic diseases,.2, and put forward the ecology. The concept of environmental biosafety research and evaluation puts forward new ideas for the prevention and control of the occurrence and prevalence of human infectious diseases.
Methods 1, the field survey was conducted to investigate the density and population composition of the rats in Maoping, Zigui, Yichang, Taiping Xi, Yiling, Taiping Xi, three Dou Ping Town and Letian brook town. The rat kidney tissues of the mice captured by the survey sites were cultured in the Korthof medium for.2, in four investigations. The incidence of leptospirosis in the dam area was investigated by microagglutination test (.3). The data of the incidence of leptospirosis in the reservoir area and the dynamic data of the rat density were collected by the public literature. The meteorological data and the agricultural land data in the reservoir area were taken from the public bulletin of the three Gorges Project and the Environmental Monitoring Bulletin of the Yangtze River in 1997~2007 years, and the software system of Office 2003 was adopted. The Excel in the system establishes database, makes charts, and completes statistical analysis with SAS8.1.
Results in the 11997~2005 years, the density of rats in the reservoir area fluctuated between 2.81 and 6.15%, and the "W" shape of the curved thread was changed. The correlation analysis showed that the density of the rats in the reservoir area was positively correlated with the absolute change of the crop sown area. The density of the indoor and outer rats in the dam area increased and the density of the rat in the room was obviously higher than that in the outdoor. Rodents are the dominant species in rodents, which constitute different species of 29.58%. indoor and outdoor mice. The dominant species in the indoor and outdoor species is Apodemus Apodemus. The indoor and outdoor mice in the dam area have the phenomenon of mutual migration.2, the rate of Leptospira infection in the dam area is 16.91%, the infection rate increases with age, and the rate of infection of men and women is 16.39%, respectively. 17.35%, the difference was not statistically significant. The positive rate of the serum positive rate of the infected people was 29.61%.3, the positive rate of the kidney Leptospira culture in the dam area was 18.30%, and the positive rate of the culture of the black line of Apodemus was the highest. The incidence of leptospirosis in the reservoir area fluctuated from 0/10 to 2.588/10 million to.1998 years since 30.56%.41996 years, and there was a peak in 2000, respectively. There was no case report for the rest of the year, and there was no case report for 2003~2005 years. The incidence of leptospirosis in the reservoir area was highly correlated with the density of outdoor rat, and was negatively related to the per capita income of rural areas.
Conclusion 1, there is a low incidence of Leptospira in the reservoir area, but the potential of outbreak or epidemic is possible during the storage period. In the long run, the construction and operation of the Three Gorges Project will be beneficial to the prevention and control of leptospiral disease in the reservoir area. In addition, the risk of alternation of Leptospira in the reservoir area is increased, so monitoring and management still need to be strengthened. After 175 meters of water storage, the emergence of the extinction area will lead to the formation of the wetland ecological community in the reservoir area. The impact on the epidemic of the leptospira in the reservoir area should be paid attention to.2. The environmental medical evaluation for any large project should be from the ecological environment and the social environment. The changes of demographic and demographic characteristics are evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. Among them, the establishment of the early warning index system is the key and difficult point of the evaluation.3. Through the research and evaluation of ecological environment biosafety, we can take measures to interfere with the generation of new pathogens or cut off their access to the population so as to avoid new transmission. The occurrence and prevalence of diseases in the world make the starting point of the prevention and control of infectious diseases forward, fundamentally eliminating or alleviating the burden of human infectious diseases. In addition, ecological environmental biosafety can also be an organic part of ecological security research, considering how to protect the ecological system and how to protect human health. Thus, the harmonious development of man and nature is true.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：R514;R184

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