埃博拉病毒病:流行病学、生态学、诊断、治疗及控制

发布时间：2018-06-19 01:51

  本文选题：埃博拉病毒病 + 埃博拉病毒　； 参考：《科技导报》2014年24期

【摘要】：埃博拉病毒(Ebolavirus)是埃博拉病毒病(Ebola Virus Disease,EVD)的病原体,1976年首次在非洲发现,目前确认该病毒包括5个种,其中苏丹型(Sudan ebolavirus)、扎伊尔型(Zaire ebolavirus)、塔伊森林型(Ta釭 Forest ebolavirus)和本迪布焦型(Bundibugyo ebolavirus)均有感染人发病的记录;莱斯顿型(Reston ebolavirus)可致人隐性感染,并与多起猕猴暴发疫情有关,曾在菲律宾的猪中检出。人类埃博拉病毒病的病死率为25%~90%,疫情均发生在非洲,主要集中在10°N—10°S的非洲地区,本次西非疫情是规模最大的暴发流行,截至2014年8月20日已报告2615例病例。该病是动物源性传染病,目前证据支持果蝠可能为病毒的自然储存宿主。该病在人群中主要通过接触传播,有症状的病人才具有传染性。未采取正确防护措施的医护人员、家庭护理人员及接触病人血液、体液,或接触病人血液、体液等污染的物品,或接触病例尸体的人是高风险感染人群。本病起病急,早期表现为发热、厌食、虚弱无力等非特异性症状,可通过检测病毒核酸、抗原、抗体等方法确诊。目前尚无批准上市的特效药和疫苗,以对症和支持治疗为主。预防控制策略主要包括早期发现病例、及时调查处置、追踪和密切观察接触者,以及有效的医院内和社区的感染控制。
[Abstract]:Ebola virus Ebolavirus, the pathogen of Ebola virus Ebola virus, was first found in Africa in 1976 and is now confirmed to include five species. Sudan Sudan virus, Zaire Zaire, Tai Forest Ta Forest ebolavirusand Bundibugyo ebolavirusare all recorded to cause human infection. Reston Reston ebolavirus) can cause human recessive infection and is related to many outbreaks of rhesus monkeys. It was detected in pigs in the Philippines. The mortality rate of human Ebola virus disease is 250.The epidemic situation is mainly in Africa, mainly in 10 掳N-10 掳S Africa. The West Africa epidemic is the largest outbreak. As of August 20, 2014, 2615 cases have been reported. The disease is an animal-borne infectious disease, and the evidence supports that fruit bat may be a natural storage host of the virus. The disease is transmitted mainly through contact among the population, and the symptomatic patient is contagious. Health care workers, family nurses and people who are exposed to the patient's blood, body fluids, or contaminated objects such as patient's blood, body fluids, or bodies are at high risk of infection. The disease is characterized by fever, anorexia, weakness and other nonspecific symptoms. It can be diagnosed by detecting viral nucleic acid, antigen, antibody and so on. At present, there is no approved specific drugs and vaccines, mainly for symptomatic and supportive treatment. Prevention and control strategies include early detection of cases, timely investigation and disposal, tracking and close observation of contacts, and effective infection control in hospitals and communities.
【作者单位】： 中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制处 传染病监测预警中国疾病预防控制中心重点实验室;中国科学院微生物研究所网络信息中心;中国科学院北京生命科学研究院;中国科学院微生物研究所病原微生物与免疫学重点实验室;中国疾病预防控制中心;
【分类号】：R181.3
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本文编号：2037811