世界卫生组织194个成员国麻疹、流行性腮腺炎、风疹减毒活疫苗常规免疫程序、报告接种率与发病水平现状分析

发布时间：2018-06-25 13:32

  本文选题：世界卫生组织 + 成员国　； 参考：《中国疫苗和免疫》2015年03期

【摘要】：目的分析世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)194个成员国麻疹、流行性腮腺炎(流腮)和风疹减毒活疫苗常规免疫程序、报告接种率和发病水平,为我国优化含麻疹成分疫苗(Measles-containing Vaccine,MCV)免疫策略提供参考。方法汇总分析WHO网站公开数据,包括各国MCV常规免疫疫苗种类、剂次数和接种月龄、报告接种率和发病数据。结果 WHO194个成员国中,有47个(24.2%)国家实施1剂MCV常规免疫程序;139个(71.6%)国家实施2剂MCV常规免疫程序,且其中102个(52.6%)国家为2剂麻疹-流腮-风疹联合减毒活疫苗(Measles,Mumps and Rubella Combined Attenuated Live Vaccine;MMR);另外8个国家实施≥3剂MCV常规免疫程序。第1剂(The 1stDose)MCV(MCV1)使用麻疹减毒活疫苗的68个国家中,有66个(97.1%)在≤9月龄接种;使用MMR的112个国家中,有109个(77.7%)在≥12月龄接种。自20世纪90年代以来,WHO各区域MCV1报告接种率一直以非洲区(Region for the Africa,AFR)最低。2009~2013年,麻疹发病率以WHO美洲区(Region for the Americas,AMR)最低(0.10/100万~1.38/100万)、AFR最高(100.0/100万~232.4/100万);风疹发病率以WHO AMR最低(0.01/100万~0.02/100万),WHO西太平洋区(Region for the Western Pacific,WPR)和欧洲区较高;流腮发病率以WHO WPR最高(211.5/100万~328.6/100万)。结论各国MCV常规免疫程序差别较大,采取≥2剂MMR免疫程序、且接种率较高的国家发病水平也较低。要同时实现消除麻疹、控制风疹和流腮,实施2剂MMR常规免疫程序非常必要。
[Abstract]:Objective to analyze the routine immunization procedures for measles, mumps and rubella attenuated live vaccines in 194 member countries of the World Health Organization (WHO), and to report the coverage rate and incidence level. It provides a reference for optimizing the immunization strategy of measure-containing Vaccine MCV in China. Methods the published data of WHO website were collected and analyzed, including the types, times and months of vaccination of MCV vaccines in different countries, and reported coverage rate and morbidity data. Results of the 194 WHO194 member States, 47 (24.2%) countries implemented a routine immunization program for MCV and 139 (71.6%) countries implemented two doses of routine immunization procedures for MCV, Two doses of measles and Rubella combined Attenuated Live Vaccine MMR were used in 102 (52.6%) countries, and the other 8 countries implemented routine immunization procedures with 鈮，

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